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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 3 (2023)" : 10 Documents clear
Effect of Three and Six Months of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial Alvina Alvina; Suzanna Immanuel; Dante Saksono Harbuwono; Frans Dhyanagiri Suyatna; Alida Harahap; Joedo Prihartono; Pusparini Pusparini
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2370

Abstract

BACKGROUND: 25(OH)D level is correlated with insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity to insulin. Administration of vitamin D supplements may reduce tissue resistance to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but a number of studies found conflicting results. The present study was to measure the results of administration of vitamin D supplements for 3 and 6 months regarding HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and tissue resistance to insulin in T2DM cases.METHODS: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in T2DM patients with ≤3 years duration. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: 47 subjects received daily 5000 IU vitamin D supplementation and 47 subjects received daily placebo as control. After supplementation for 3 and 6 months, homeostatic model assessment for tissue resistance to insulin (HOMA-IR), insulin, HbA1c, and FBG were examined.RESULTS: Supplementation of daily 5000 IU vitamin D for 3 months increased 25(OH)D level in the vitamin D group from 12.50±5.28 to 43.57±17.14 ng/mL, and after 6 months the 25(OH)D level was 38.38±17.64 ng/mL. Both groups showed significant differences after 3 and 6 months regarding HOMA-IR (p=0.033 and p=0.031), insulin (p=0.034 and p=0.013), but not FBG (p=0.296) and HbA1c (p=0.360). In both groups, HOMA-IR and insulin increased although the increase in the control group was greater than in the vitamin D group. The difference between the control and vitamin D groups was significant.CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation for 3 and 6 months may lead to improvement HOMA-IR but not for FBG and HbA1c in the vitamin D group as compared with the control group in T2DM cases.KEYWORDS: vitamin D, T2DM, HbA1c, blood glucose, insulin, tissue resistance to insulin
The Changing Face of Atherosclerosis Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2347

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Statins have been used for around three decades as the primary way to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, but in some groups, statin resistance is common, and the danger of atherosclerosis is still high.CONTENT: Atherosclerosis was once believed to be caused by cholesterol and thrombotic material passively accumulating in the walls of arteries. However, current knowledge shows that the immune cells and inflammatory processes are essential in the formation, progression, and consequences of atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by a persistent inflammatory response, including thrombotic complications. Study of genetic, creating risk score for atherosclerosis, add more information to create more new therapies targeting low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor, and shows prospect.SUMMARY: Over time, atherosclerosis theories and treatment strategies have changed. While statins were widely used, they have now been supplanted by alternative options like the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PSCK9) inhibitor that manage atherosclerosis more effectively and comprehensive.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, cholesterol, inflammation, immune system, metabolism
Suggested Rational Considerations for ANA-IF and ENA-Profile Test Requisition: Clinical Manifestation, Gender, Pattern, and Titer of ANA-IF Yenny Surjawan; Umi Solekhah Intansari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2346

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The anti-nuclear antibody immunofluorescence (ANA-IF) test is used for screening of autoantibody presence in patients with suspected autoimmune disease. Positive ANA-IF should be followed-up with extractable nuclear antigens profile (ENA-profile). High ANA-IF sensitivity combined with low ENA-profile sensitivity, and the evolution of ANA-IF requests may result in a higher number of positive ANA-IF but negative ENA-profile. It is necessary to make an objective assessment in determining the conditions in which rational ANA-IF and ENA-profile should be suggested.METHODS: Data were retrieved retrospectively from the medical records of subjects who performed both ANA-IF and ENA-profile. ANA-IF were examined using immunofluorescence principle with cut-off 1:100. ENA-profile which contained sixteen purified antigens was performed using line-immunoblot principle. Data was analyzed descriptively and analytically using SPSS, and significant result was indicated if p<0.05.RESULTS: The ANA-IF result was dominated by negative (44.9%) and positive-speckled, titer 1:100 (32.9%). Of 923 subjects with positive ANA-IF, 45.4% had a negative ENA-profile. Of 751 subjects with negative ANA-IF, 10.2% had positive ENA-profile. In subjects whose specific clinical entity, the ANA-IF sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in detecting ENA-profile were 93.8% and 93.3%, respectively, but the positive predictive value (PPV) was 63.2%. Women with specific autoimmune manifestation accompanied by ANA-IF homogeneous ≥1:100, or centromeres ≥1:100, or speckled ≥1:320 might have been predicted as subsequent positive ENA-profile with area under curve (AUC) of 77.2%, 76.9%, 79.2%, respectively.CONCLUSION: ANA-IF should only be indicated for those with specific clinical symptoms. For woman with typical symptoms, the presence of positive ANA-IF with homogeneous ≥1:100, or centromeres ≥1:100, or speckled ≥1:320 should be further followed-up by ENA-profile.KEYWORDS: ANA-IF, ENA-profile, autoimmune, autoantibody
Osteoprotegerin and Interleukin-37 are Correlated with Liver Diseases in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-infected Subjects Sadoun Abbas Alsalimi; Idries Muhson Abeed Al-Mashkor; Adnan Jassim Mohammed Al-Fartosy
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2235

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Various biological markers have been proposed to predict subclinical events in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, studies regarding chronic HBV infection are still limited. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-37 (IL-37) serum levels in chronic HBV subjects.METHODS: Sixty subjects with chronic HBV infection without previous treatment and 30 healthy subjects were included in this study. Blood samples were withdrawn and examined for biochemical parameters through the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessments. Moreover, anthropometric estimations and medical histories were performed on all subjects through a standard self-administered questionnaire.RESULTS: A highly significant elevation (p<0.01) in serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and IL-37 and a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum level of OPG were observed in chronic HBV subjects compared with the controls. The data demonstrated that OPG had a positive correlation with IL-37 and that both OPG and IL-37 had significantly positive correlations with ALT and AST. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) was computed for ALT, AST, OPG, and IL-37 (AUC = 0.831, 0.829, 0.608, and 0.618, respectively) which could be potentially greater predictive biomarkers in chronic HBV subjects.CONCLUSION: The positive correlation of OPG and IL-37 with ALT and AST and the high positive value of AUC for OPG and IL-37 shows that OPG and IL-37 could to be potential inflammatory biomarkers for the early onset of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HBV-infected subjects.KEYWORDS: osteoprotegerin, interleukin-37, hepatitis B virus, inflammation, liver
Bax mRNA Expression as A Potential Biomarker of Placental Apoptosis in Early-onset Preeclampsia Muhammad Javedh Iqbal; Diah Rumekti Hadiati; Didik Setyo Heriyanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2336

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early-onset preeclampsia is characterized by higher oxidative stress and apoptosis level than late-onset one. Studies comparing the expression of the Bcl-2 family protein in early and late-onset preeclampsia are still lacking and show inconclusive evidence. This study aimed to compare the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) as a biomarker of placental apoptosis between early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded preeclamptic placental samples and dividing them into early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia groups. Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expressions were assessed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Apoptosis was assessed through DNA fragmentation examination by the ligation-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction method.RESULTS: Thirty early-onset and 30 late-onset preeclamptic placental samples were included. The mean fold change Bax mRNA in early-onset was higher than in late-onset preeclampsia (6.02±3.59 vs. 2.82±1.97; p=0.00). The mean fold change Bcl-2 mRNA early-onset was not different from late-onset preeclampsia (31.20±17.94 vs. 31.01±27.60; p=0.98). The mean DNA fragmentation cycle threshold in early-onset preeclampsia was lower than in late-onset preeclampsia (28.07±0.64 vs. 30.63±0.96; p=0.00). A weak negative correlation exists between fold change Bax mRNA and DNA fragmentation cycle threshold (r=-0.30; p=0.02).CONCLUSION: Bax mRNA showed significant correlation in DNA fragmentation compared to Bcl-2 mRNA; hence, might show more role in apoptotic pathway. Early-onset preeclampsia has higher Bax mRNA relative expression and apoptosis than late-onset preeclampsia. Therefore, Bax mRNA can be potential biomarker in early-onset preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: mRNA, Bax, Bcl-2, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, early-onset, preeclampsia
Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Alleviates Hepatocytes Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats Aiman Al-Maathadi; Fardous Karawya; Said Al-Dalaen; Ahmed Aljabali; Anas Satari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2352

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) uptake may primarily cause adverse effects by inducing oxidative stress, resulting in cell damage, genotoxicity, inflammation, and immune response. To date, there are limited studies investigating the adverse effect of TiO2 NPs on liver health and no studies found a naturally occurring compound able to ameliorate such effect. Thus, this study investigated alpha lipoic acid (ALA) potential for reversing the biochemical and histopathological changes that TiO2 NPs exposure causes in rat liver.METHODS: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into: control rats received distilled water, control rats treated with 50 mg/kg ALA, rats intoxicated with TiO2 NPs, and TiO2 NPs-intoxicated rats treated 50 mg/kg ALA. Rats were sacrificed before blood samples were collected to assess the liver function using parameters of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, albumin and total protein. Liver tissue homogenates were prepared to assess hepatic antioxidant and oxidative stress using parameters of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver tissue sections were used for histopathological analysis and caspase-3 immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS: TiO2 NPs produced deleterious effects on rat liver tissue, as confirmed through biochemical results, caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and histological alterations. TiO2 NPs intoxication induced hepatocyte vacuolation, blood vessels congestion, biliary proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. However, ALA treatment of TiO2 NPs-intoxicated rats significantly alleviated deleterious impact on the liver.CONCLUSION: Administration of 600 mg/kg TiO2 NPs to rats resulted in hepatic degenerative lesions, depletion of GSH, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, these changes were mitigated by ALA administration. Therefore, ALA offers protection against deleterious effects of TiO2 NPs intoxication.KEYWORDS: titanium dioxide nanoparticles, TiO2 NPs, hepatotoxicity, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), rat
Amino Acid Profile of Luminal A and B Subtypes Breast Cancer Sonar Soni Panigoro; Arif Kurniawan; Ramadhan Ramadhan; Ninik Sukartini; Herqutanto Herqutanto; Rafika Indah Paramita; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2109

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Amino acids are important for proliferation and maintenance of tumor cells. Breast cancer patients were found to have significant changes in the number of amino acids, which are assumed to be correlated with the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Therefore, current study was conducted to analyze plasma amino acids in breast cancer patients with luminal A and B subtypes.METHODS: Breast cancer and control subjects were recruited, and venous blood was collected for the measurement of plasma amino acids. Total 19 plasma amino acids were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with C18 column. Mean comparison for normally distributed and homogeneous data was further analzyed using independent sample T-test, with p<0.05 was considered as significant.RESULTS: From total 19 amino acids, only 7 amino acids; cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, ornithine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, were statistically different between the healthy control and breast cancer subjects. Eventhough no amino acids was found to be statistically different between breast cancer subjects with luminal A and B subtypes, but some amino acids were found to be significantly different when correlated to various breast cancer risk factors.CONCLUSION: Amino acid profile of patients with Luminal A and B subtypes of breast cancer differs compared to healthy controls and is also correlated with breast cancer risk factors. Increase in cysteine level in Luminal A subtype patients and decrease of alanine and leucine in Luminal B subtype patients can be used as a biomarker.KEYWORDS: amino acid, plasma, breast cancer, risk factor, biomarker
Hydrolyzed VCO Cream Reduces Neutrophil Number and Increases Angiogenesis in Mid Dermal Burn Wound Healing Septin Kamilia Patinggi; Yuriz Bakhtiar; Selamat Budijitno; Neni Susilaningsih; Udin Bahrudin
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2228

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Researches on plant active substances are conducted to find effective topical drugs for mid dermal burns wound. The 70% hydrolyzed VCO (hVCO) cream has been known to accelerate macroscopic healing of mid dermal burns compared to 30% and 50% hVCO creams. This study was conducted to further investigate the effectiveness of 70% hVCO cream and find the most effective doses of hVCO to heal mid dermal burns based on the macroscopic diameter, neutrophil number and angiogenesis.METHODS: Thirty mid dermal burns-induced male Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into 6 groups that were either treated with 70% hVCO cream, 100% hVCO cream, or basic cream for 6 or 12 days. Macroscopic appearance of mid dermal burn was documented, and the diameter was calculated. Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) examination was conducted to measure the neutrophil and angiogenesis in mid dermal burn wound.RESULTS: The decrease of wound macroscopic size was found to be significant after 6 and 12 days of treatment (p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively), with the smallest diameter was found in 70% hVCO group. The lowest number of neutrophils was found in the 70% hVCO group at day-6 (p=0.039) and day-12 (p=0.013). There was a significant increase of angiogenesis at day-12 (p=0.025) with the highest value obtained in the 70% hVCO group.CONCLUSION: The 70% hVCO decreases the wound macroscopic size, decreases neutrophil number, and increases angiogenesis compared to the 100% hVCO. Hence, 70% hVCO isshown to be the most effective dose in accelerating mid dermal burns wound healing andcan be explored further as topical medication.KEYWORDS: hVCO, neutrophil, angiogenesis, wound healing
Efficacy and Safety of Undenatured Type II Collagen in The Treatment of Osteoarthritis of The Knee: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial Oentarini Tjandra; Shirly Gunawan; Johan Johan; Fia Fia Lie; Marcella Erwina Rumawas; Agus Limarta
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2348

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Available medication for pain and joint stiffness release in osteoarthritis (OA) often gives considerable side effects. Undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) has been considered as a treatment for OA for its ability to prevent the progress of articular cartilage damage. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of UC-II in modulating knee joint function.METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 102 OA subjects. Subjects were randomized into two groups: receiving an oral daily dose of 40 mg/day UC-II or placebo containing microcrystalline cellulose for 90 days. Efficacy was evaluated by using the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lequesne’s Functional Index (LFI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score on day-1, -7, -30, -60, and -90. Safety was evaluated by assessing the adverse events (AEs) and abnormal laboratory findings.RESULTS: The WOMAC total score showed a significant difference between the UC-II group vs. the placebo group from day-7 (p<0.05) to day-90 (p<0.01). UC-II was more effective in reducing the WOMAC total scores by 81.6% compared to 19.2% in the placebo group after 90 days. The total LFI and VAS score was significantly reduced in subjects supplemented with UC-II compared to the placebo group (75.8% vs. 7.8%; 67.9% vs. 12.2%, respectively). No significant changes were observed in vital signs and clinical laboratory tests compared to the placebo. The UC-II had a good safety profile with no serious adverse events among participants.CONCLUSION: UC-II significantly improved the knee pain, stiffness, and functional mobility of OA patients and was well-tolerated.KEYWORDS: osteoarthritis, undenatured type II collagen, WOMAC, VAS, LFI
Testicular Volumes Measurement Comparison by Ultrasound and Orchidometer and Its Relationship with Nutritional Status in Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Rahmad Mulyadi; Joedo Prihartono; Em Yunir; Dian Anindita Lubis; Reyhan Eddy Yunus
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2291

Abstract

BACKGROUND: One type of thalassemia known as transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) requires a lifelong blood transfusion. Iron overload from prolonged blood transfusions causes nutritional disorders and several organs impairment, including the testicles. In contrast to an orchidometer, ultrasound shows more details of the testicles. This study aimed to compare testicular volumes based on ultrasound and orchidometer measurements and correlate testicular volume with nutritional status in TDT patients.METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 27 male thalassemia subjects who underwent routine check-ups was conducted. Measurements of testicular volume using an orchidometer and ultrasound, and body mass index (BMI) was performed. Ultrasound measurement of testicular volume was calculated using the Lambert Formula, while the orchidometer was performed by matching the bead next to the testicle.RESULTS: Most subjects were underweight (63%) or normal weight (37%). However, no significant correlation between BMI and testicular volume was found. As measured using an orchidometer, the mean volume of the right and left testes were 9.22±4.92 mL and 8.67±4.45 mL, respectively. Ultrasound measurement showed the mean values of the right and left testicles were 7.68±3.96 mL and 7.09±4.03 mL, respectively. Testicular measurements obtained using ultrasound showed a significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with the orchidometer. The testicle measured by ultrasound was smaller, which was more accurate. However, the comparison between the right and the left testicular volumes showed no significance.CONCLUSION: Thalassemia patients are mainly underweight, and their nutritional status have no relationship with testicular volume. Ultrasound, as compared to an orchidometer, is better for measuring testicular volume.KEYWORDS: thalassemia, testicle, orchidometer, ultrasound, body mass index

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