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All Journal IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT)
Satyanarayan Reddy, Kalli
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Computer Science & IT Engineering

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Energy-efficient and secure WSN clustering for IoT using particle swarm optimization and advanced encryption standard Kumar, S. Swapna; Satyanarayan Reddy, Kalli
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i2.pp1275-1285

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of distributed sensor nodes that work together under energy and communication constraints. They support diverse internet of things (IoT) applications such as smart agriculture and environmental monitoring. This paper proposes a technique to optimize the WSN framework for secure and energy-efficient data transmission. To improve cluster formation and network energy consumption, the suggested model combines k-means clustering with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Inter-cluster data is encrypted by the cluster head (CH) using the advanced encryption standard (AES)-128. To protect data and save energy, the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol uses a number of techniques. Energy efficiency, model accuracy, likelihood of privacy breaches, and network longevity are examples of performance metrics. The system is tested by Python simulations on the Intel Berkeley Research Lab (IBRL) real-world dataset, which includes 54 sensor nodes measuring temperature and humidity. The results demonstrate significant energy savings and a model accuracy of 96.50%, thereby reducing privacy breaches and extending network lifetime. The framework offers scalability, effective privacy monitoring, and adaptability to changing topologies.
Energy-efficient lightweight blockchain framework for scalable and secure sensor networks Swapna Kumar, Surendran; Satyanarayan Reddy, Kalli
International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp655-664

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) integrated with the internet of things (IoT) are hybrid technologies of interconnected systems. The IoT connects various devices, from sensors to smart gadget networks, and leverages a framework to provide secure solutions. This paper presents a lightweight adaptive proof-of-stake (APoS) blockchain framework design specifically for IoT-WSN. It focuses on efficient energy, scalability, and robust security. The proposed model integrates a hybrid APoS-delegated PoS (DPoS) consensus mechanism, trust-based routing, and a random forest (RF)-driven intrusion detection system (IDS). Extensive simulations of 100 to 10,000 nodes display energy usage of 0.018–0.019 mJ/node, breach of privacy rates of 0.02%, and throughput up to 9.92 tx/round for 1,000 nodes and 3.40 tx/round for GreenOrbs validation. The IDS achieves 94.21% accuracy for 1,000 nodes and 88.89% for GreenOrbs against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), Sybil, and Jamming attacks. Validated using the GreenOrbs dataset, the framework ensures real-world applicability in resource-constrained WSNs. Future research has validated and verified the use of APoS and PoS hybrid models for broader decentralised IoT–WSN deployments.
Co-Authors Kumar, S. Swapna Swapna Kumar, Surendran