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All Journal Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy Journal of Health Sciences, Medicine, Biotechnology, and Pharmaceutical Research
Aditya Sindu Sakti
Universitas Khairun
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Herb–Drug Interactions Between Common Indonesian Medicinal Plants and Cardiovascular Medications: A Narrative Review Aditya Sindu Sakti; Gumilar Adhi Nugroho; Febrika Wediasari; Muhammad Adil Khan; Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu
Journal of Health Sciences, Medicine, Biotechnology, and Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Health Sciences, Medicine, Biotechnology, and Pharmaceutical Researc
Publisher : Yayasan Cendekia Gagayunan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63142/jhsmbp.v1i2.263

Abstract

The simultaneous use of herbal medicines and cardiovascular drugs is prevalent in Indonesia, a country rich in ethnomedicinal diversity. However, such combinations may lead to clinically significant herb–drug interactions, potentially compromising therapeutic efficacy and safety. This narrative review aims to summarize and evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between commonly used Indonesian medicinal herbs and cardiovascular agents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The included studies reported interactions involving cytochrome P450 modulation, P-glycoprotein activity, and receptor-level mechanisms. Medicinal plants such as Panax ginseng, Allium sativum, Ginkgo biloba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Zingiber officinale, and Cassia species were found to affect drug absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability. These interactions, primarily through CYP3A4 and P-gp modulation, altered the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs such as warfarin, digoxin, verapamil, and simvastatin. Some herbs also exert synergistic or antagonistic pharmacodynamic effects, particularly against anticoagulants and antihypertensives. Given the chronic nature of cardiovascular therapy, herb–drug interactions pose serious clinical concerns. Enhanced awareness and monitoring are essential to prevent adverse events and therapeutic failure. Further research is needed to establish safe and evidence-based integration of herbal medicines into cardiovascular care.
Review: Modern Extraction Methods for Extraction Proanthocyanidins from Natural Products Li’izzah Diana Manzil; Aditya Sindu Sakti
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v6i1.28200

Abstract

Proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in many plant species and are recognized for their beneficial health effects, particularly their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This literature review aims to evaluate modern extraction techniques used to isolate proanthocyanidins from natural sources. Conventional methods, such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, often result in reduced yields because proanthocyanidins are heat-sensitive and susceptible to oxidation. To address these limitations, this review explores alternative modern extraction approaches. Relevant peer-reviewed articles were identified through a comprehensive search of five academic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, NCBI, and BMC. The modern extraction techniques examined include Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). Evidence from 23 selected studies shows that UAE and MAE are among the most effective and efficient methods for extracting proanthocyanidins from natural matrices. These findings underscore the potential of modern extraction technologies to improve both the yield and quality of proanthocyanidins, supporting their broader application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
Review: Modern Extraction Methods for Extraction Proanthocyanidins from Natural Products Li’izzah Diana Manzil; Aditya Sindu Sakti
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v6i1.28200

Abstract

Proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in many plant species and are recognized for their beneficial health effects, particularly their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This literature review aims to evaluate modern extraction techniques used to isolate proanthocyanidins from natural sources. Conventional methods, such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, often result in reduced yields because proanthocyanidins are heat-sensitive and susceptible to oxidation. To address these limitations, this review explores alternative modern extraction approaches. Relevant peer-reviewed articles were identified through a comprehensive search of five academic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, NCBI, and BMC. The modern extraction techniques examined include Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). Evidence from 23 selected studies shows that UAE and MAE are among the most effective and efficient methods for extracting proanthocyanidins from natural matrices. These findings underscore the potential of modern extraction technologies to improve both the yield and quality of proanthocyanidins, supporting their broader application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
Co-Authors Febrika Wediasari Gumilar Adhi Nugroho Li’izzah Diana Manzil Muhammad Adil Khan Muhammad Subhan A Sibadu