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Herb–Drug Interactions Between Common Indonesian Medicinal Plants and Cardiovascular Medications: A Narrative Review Aditya Sindu Sakti; Gumilar Adhi Nugroho; Febrika Wediasari; Muhammad Adil Khan; Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu
Journal of Health Sciences, Medicine, Biotechnology, and Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Health Sciences, Medicine, Biotechnology, and Pharmaceutical Researc
Publisher : Yayasan Cendekia Gagayunan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63142/jhsmbp.v1i2.263

The simultaneous use of herbal medicines and cardiovascular drugs is prevalent in Indonesia, a country rich in ethnomedicinal diversity. However, such combinations may lead to clinically significant herb–drug interactions, potentially compromising therapeutic efficacy and safety. This narrative review aims to summarize and evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between commonly used Indonesian medicinal herbs and cardiovascular agents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The included studies reported interactions involving cytochrome P450 modulation, P-glycoprotein activity, and receptor-level mechanisms. Medicinal plants such as Panax ginseng, Allium sativum, Ginkgo biloba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Zingiber officinale, and Cassia species were found to affect drug absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability. These interactions, primarily through CYP3A4 and P-gp modulation, altered the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs such as warfarin, digoxin, verapamil, and simvastatin. Some herbs also exert synergistic or antagonistic pharmacodynamic effects, particularly against anticoagulants and antihypertensives. Given the chronic nature of cardiovascular therapy, herb–drug interactions pose serious clinical concerns. Enhanced awareness and monitoring are essential to prevent adverse events and therapeutic failure. Further research is needed to establish safe and evidence-based integration of herbal medicines into cardiovascular care.

Review: Modern Extraction Methods for Extraction Proanthocyanidins from Natural Products Li’izzah Diana Manzil; Aditya Sindu Sakti
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v6i1.28200

Proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in many plant species and are recognized for their beneficial health effects, particularly their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This literature review aims to evaluate modern extraction techniques used to isolate proanthocyanidins from natural sources. Conventional methods, such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, often result in reduced yields because proanthocyanidins are heat-sensitive and susceptible to oxidation. To address these limitations, this review explores alternative modern extraction approaches. Relevant peer-reviewed articles were identified through a comprehensive search of five academic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, NCBI, and BMC. The modern extraction techniques examined include Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). Evidence from 23 selected studies shows that UAE and MAE are among the most effective and efficient methods for extracting proanthocyanidins from natural matrices. These findings underscore the potential of modern extraction technologies to improve both the yield and quality of proanthocyanidins, supporting their broader application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.

Review: Modern Extraction Methods for Extraction Proanthocyanidins from Natural Products Li’izzah Diana Manzil; Aditya Sindu Sakti
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v6i1.28200

Proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in many plant species and are recognized for their beneficial health effects, particularly their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This literature review aims to evaluate modern extraction techniques used to isolate proanthocyanidins from natural sources. Conventional methods, such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, often result in reduced yields because proanthocyanidins are heat-sensitive and susceptible to oxidation. To address these limitations, this review explores alternative modern extraction approaches. Relevant peer-reviewed articles were identified through a comprehensive search of five academic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, NCBI, and BMC. The modern extraction techniques examined include Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). Evidence from 23 selected studies shows that UAE and MAE are among the most effective and efficient methods for extracting proanthocyanidins from natural matrices. These findings underscore the potential of modern extraction technologies to improve both the yield and quality of proanthocyanidins, supporting their broader application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.

Comparison of Continuous Percolation and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Methods on Total Phenolic Content of 70% Ethanol Extract of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Aditya Sindu Sakti; Fransisca Dita Mayangsari; Sri Bintang Sahara Mahaputra Kusuma Negara; Elasari Dwi Pratiwi; Sandrawati
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/dxzsgc71

Background: Portulaca oleracea L., commonly known as Krokot, is rich in phenolic compounds with notable pharmacological benefits. Optimizing extraction methods is critical to maximize its bioactive potential. Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of Continuous Percolation (CP) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) in obtaining total phenolic content (TPC) from 70% ethanol extract of P. oleracea. Methods: Dried powdered P. oleracea was subjected to CP and UAE using a 1:10 (w/v) plant-to-solvent ratio. Qualitative screening with FeCl₃ confirmed the presence of phenolics. TPC was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract. Statistical analysis included normality testing, Levene’s test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: UAE yielded significantly higher TPC (420.04 ± 0.40 mg GAE/g) compared to CP (354.30 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g; p = 0.034), although CP produced a higher extract mass. Statistical results confirmed the superiority of UAE in selectively extracting phenolic constituents. Conclusion: UAE is more effective than CP in extracting phenolic compounds from P. oleracea, likely due to enhanced cavitation-induced mass transfer. This method is recommended for maximizing phenolic recovery in plant-based extractions, especially for thermolabile compounds.

Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) dan Sediaan Farmasi sebagai Upaya Pertolongan Pertama Pasca Bencana di Kecamatan Ibu Maluku Utara Sandrawati Sandrawati; Khoiryah Miagori Siregar; Aditya Sindu Sakti; Herri Yulimanida; Mohammad Reza Vitra Rope; Widyawati Muhlis; Yessy Puspa Anggaraini; Sri Defi Dihir
ABDI UNISAP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): ABDI UNISAP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : UPT Publikasi dan Penerbitan Universitas San Pedro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59632/abdiunisap.v3i2.469

Pelatihan pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) dan sediaan farmasi sebagai upaya pertolongan pertama pasca bencana dilaksanakan di Desa Tongute Goin, Kecamatan Ibu, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal untuk mendukung ketahanan kesehatan di wilayah rawan bencana. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi tahapan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi yang bersifat partisipatif dengan melibatkan 42 peserta dari berbagai kelompok masyarakat. Materi pelatihan mencakup pengolahan TOGA secara higienis, pembuatan sediaan farmasi sederhana (antiseptik daun sirih, minuman herbal imunostimulan, dan salep luka ringan), serta penggunaan alat kesehatan dasar seperti nebulizer dan oksigen portabel. Evaluasi efektivitas kegiatan dilakukan melalui pre-test dan post-test. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada tingkat pemahaman peserta, dari rata-rata 23,37% sebelum pelatihan menjadi 92,31% sesudah pelatihan. Peningkatan terbesar terjadi pada aspek penanganan darurat dan dukungan pernapasan. Kegiatan ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan literasi kesehatan, keterampilan praktis, dan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap bencana, sekaligus memperkuat nilai gotong royong dan kemandirian desa melalui pembentukan kader TOGA.

Pemberdayaan Ibu Dasawisma melalui Pengelolaan Minyak Jelantah menjadi Sabun Herbal Lokal di Kelurahan Cobodoe Eva Syariefah Rachman; Amran Nur; Aditya Sindu Sakti; Sandrawati Sandrawati; Bambang Tjiroso
ABDI UNISAP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): ABDI UNISAP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : UPT Publikasi dan Penerbitan Universitas San Pedro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59632/abdiunisap.v3i2.508

Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan meningkatkan literasi lingkungan ibu-ibu Dasawisma dalam pengelolaan minyak jelantah berbasis potensi rempah lokal di Kelurahan Cobodoe. Pendekatan Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) digunakan melalui penyuluhan partisipatif dan diskusi terarah tanpa praktik langsung. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test untuk menilai perubahan pemahaman peserta sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peserta terhadap dampak lingkungan minyak jelantah, prinsip dasar pembuatan sabun, serta pemanfaatan rempah lokal. Kegiatan ini efektif meningkatkan kesadaran pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga dan berpotensi menjadi model edukasi lingkungan berbasis komunitas yang berkelanjutan.

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