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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering)
Gilang Ramdani
IPB University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering

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Evaluation of Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency of a Continuous Milk Pasteurization System Using a PTFE Pipe and Vegetable Oil Heating Medium Agus Sutejo; Gilang Ramdani; Muhammad Juliandika; Dinur Saptiadi
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtepl.v15i2.761-778

Abstract

Continuous milk pasteurization systems require efficient heat transfer and energy utilization to ensure product safety and processing efficiency. However, the performance of systems utilizing alternative heating media, such as vegetable oil, is limitedly explored. This study aimed to evaluate a prototype continuous milk pasteurization system consisting of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) tubing submerged in vegetable oil heated by LPG. Experimental measurements (temperature at inlet/outlet, oil temperatures, mass flow) were combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using water as a surrogate fluid to analyze residence time, temperature rise, and heat-transfer performance under real operating conditions. At an oil average temperature of 131 °C, CFD and experiments showed milk reached a temperature of 72 °C after 6 m of tubing length, and then over the next 10 m. However, at an average flow speed of 0.955 m/s, the resulting residence time at ~72 °C was 10.47 s (below the HTST requirement of 15 s). Energy analysis indicated a fuel input of 1783.7 W, oil uptake of 634.4 W (35.6%), and useful heat of 139.5 W (7.8%), giving a system total efficiency of ~8.2%. Microbiological tests (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) of treated samples complied with SNI ISO 7388:2009. Design modifications (longer tubing, alternative pipe materials, improved insulation, and heat recovery) are required to achieve HTST residence time and improve energy efficiency.
Performance Evaluation of a Prototype Rotary Dryer for Granulated Palm Sugar Drying Gilang Ramdani; Agus Sutejo; Wawan Hermawan; Annastasha Diandra Putri
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtepl.v15i1.431-444

Abstract

Granulated palm sugar requires efficient drying to meet industrial quality standards and accelerate production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a prototype rotary dryer in reducing moisture content to a maximum target of 2.5%. Tests were conducted at rotation speeds of 23.83±0.1 RPM and 41.83±0.1 RPM with drying durations of 1, 2, and 3 h using a 500-g batch capacity. All treatments were performed in triplicates, and successfully reduced moisture below the 2.5% target, meeting SNI 01-3743-2021 and the company’s internal standards. The optimal condition, determined using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, was 23.8±0.1 RPM for 1 h, resulting in a final moisture of 2.4%, a product loss of 14.4%, and the lowest energy cost of IDR 821. Higher rotation speed increased the product loss to 55.07% due to centrifugal forces and uneven heat distribution. Sugar adhering to the cylinder walls highlighted the need for improved fin design and airflow. Future development should incorporate stable heating, expanded rotation speed (15–50 RPM) and temperature (60–80°C) variations, and automatic controls for small- to medium-scale food industry applications.
Co-Authors Agus Sutejo Annastasha Diandra Putri Dinur Saptiadi Muhammad Juliandika Wawan Hermawan