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Pelet Bakteri Probiotik untuk Biokontrol Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dan Viabilitas Benih Padi Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika; Eny Widajati; Wawan Hermawan; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (305.369 KB) | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.12.1.27

Abstract

Probiotic bacteria collection from the rice plant tissue (i.e. endophytic 467 and endophytic 748 isolates), the rhizosphere (Ralstonia pickettii TT47) and that from the ground (actinomycetes 6) has been reported as biocontrol agents. The effect of pellet containing probiotic bacteria to suppress Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathogen in rice seed has not been known thoroughly. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of pellet containing probiotic bacteria in maintaining viability of rice seeds infected by X. oryzaepv. oryzae. A dual culture method was used to test the antagonistic activities between probiotic bacteria and X. oryzaepv. oryzae. Isolates R. pickettii TT47, endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 showed antagonistic activities against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Among them, only endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 that showed compatibility. Pellet formulation (talc + CMC 1.5% + glycerol 1%) contain actinomycetes 6 singly or combination with endophytic 467 in infected Ciherang rice seed was able to suppress population X. oryzaepv. oryzae as long as 6 weeks storage. While, the highest percentage of seed germination and seedling growth rate during 6 weeks storage was obtained on pellet formulation with R. pickettii TT47, i.e. 86.67% and 17.17% etmal-1 respectively and significantly different with infected nonpelleted rice seed (62.67% and 11.02% etmal-1). In conclusion, the application of probiotic bacteria R. pickettii TT47, endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 in pellet formulation was effective to decrease X. oryzaepv. oryzae and maintain viability of infected rice seed in 6 weeks storage.
DESAIN DAN EVALUASI KINERJA MESIN PENCACAH NILAM Andriani Lubis; Tineke Mandang; Wawan Hermawan; Sutrisno Mardjan
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 24, No 1 (2021): Maret 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v24n1.2021.p13-25

Abstract

 Design and Performance Evaluation of Patchouli Chopping Machine. Aceh is one of the largest patchouli producing regions in Indonesia with an average contribution of patchouli production for the last 6 years of 415 tons/year. Patchouli oil is one of Indonesia's mainstay commodities compared to other essential oils. The demand of essential oils for raw materials of cosmetics, perfumes and pharmaceutical products industries continues to increase. The research objective was to design a patchouli chopper machine with the right type of cutting knife. This research was conducted using engineering methods including: problem identification, formulation of patchouli chopper machine design, prototyping, functional testing, and performance testing. The prototype of this chopper machine used an electric motor as its driving force. The machine was divided into 4 major parts, namely hopper, chopper cylinder, chopper knife and outer.  The transmission section used a belt and pulley. The patchouli chopper machine used two types of cutting knife which were the circular knife and the double blade to produce a chopping size of  7-10 cm. The results of the performance test and giving weight scaled values on the patchouli chopper machine showed that double blade performa was better compared to the circular knife type to use because it had the highest score of 3.375 and could be combined in the patchouli harvester. This performance can be seen from the actual engine capacity of 255.74 kg/h, the power needed to chop patchouli stem of 528.55 W with the energy requirement of 7.44 kj/kg, percentage of chopped length of 95.5 % and the efficiency of the electric motor was 98.1% at a blade rotational speed of 745 rpm. Keywords: patchouli oil, chopping, cutting knife, machine capacity ABSTRAK Aceh merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil nilam terbesar di Indonesia dengan kontribusi produksi nilamnya selama 6 tahun terakhir rata-rata mencapai 415 ton/tahun. Minyak nilam merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan Indonesia dibandingkan minyak atsiri lainnya. Kebutuhan minyak atsiri untuk bahan baku industri produk kosmetik, parfum dan farmasi terus meningkat. Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang mesin pencacah batang nilam dengan tipe pisau pemotong yang tepat. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode rekayasa meliputi: identifikasi masalah, perumusan desain mesin pencacah nilam, pembuatan prototipe, uji fungsional, dan uji kinerja. Prototipe mesin pencacah menggunakan tenaga motor listrik sebagai penggeraknya terbagi menjadi 4 bagian yaitu hopper, silinder pencacah, pisau pencacah dan outer. Pada bagian transmisi menggunakan sabuk dan puli. Mesin pencacah nilam dibedakan menjadi dua jenis berdasarkan tipe pisau pemotong yaitu tipe circular knife dan tipe double blade untuk menghasilkan cacahan batang nilam dengan panjang ukuran cacahan  7-10 cm. Hasil uji kinerja dan penggunaan nilai bobot berskala pada mesin pencacah nilam menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pisau pencacah tipe double blade merupakan pisau terbaik dibandingkan dengan tipe circular knife karena memiliki skor tertinggi 3,375 dan dapat digabungkan pada mesin pemanen nilam nantinya. Kinerjanya dapat dilihat dari kapasitas aktual mesin 255,74 kg/jam, daya terbesar yang dibutuhkan untuk mencacah batang nilam 528,55 W dengan kebutuhan energi pencacahan 7,44 kj/kg, persentase panjang hasil pencacahan 95,5% dan efisiensi motor listrik 98,1% pada kecepatan putar poros pisau 745 rpm.Kata kunci: batang nilam, pencacahan, pisau pemotong, kapasitas mesin
Penentuan Parameter Desain Roda Besi Bersirip melalui Pengukuran Tahanan Penetrasi Tanah di Sawah Taufik Rizaldi; Wawan Hermawan; Tineke Mandang; Setyo Pertiwi
agriTECH Vol 34, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (896.027 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9443

Abstract

The objective of this study was to predict the design parameters of lugged wheel that fit through the soil penetration resistance measurement directly in paddy fields. Location of the study was on paddy fields in the village Situ Gede Bogor, West Java. Penetrometer with a plate size of 5 cm x 20 cm is used to press the soil to a depth of 20 cm with inclination press angle of 90o, 75o, 60o, 45o and 30o. Data were analyzed by linear regression method to obtain the relationship between the pressure force and depth presseure for each different inclination of pressure angle. By using the equation of force generated by active lug wheels were touching the soil and the resulting linear regression equation to predict the lugged wheel design for two-wheeled tractor (Yanmar TF85 MLY-in). Tractor assumed to be operating at 15 cm sinkage so that the selected design is a design in which the resulting reaction force able to resist the load supplied by the tractor and implement and used the most minimum construction materials. The results of the calculations recommended number of lugs 12, 45o angle of lugs, width of lugs 10 cm, length of lugs 35 cm, outer diameter wheels 84 cm is the lugged wheel design optimum.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi parameter desain roda besi bersirip yang sesuai melalui pengukuran tahanan penetrasi tanah secara langsung di lahan sawah. Lokasi penelitian berada pada lahan sawah di Desa Situ Gede Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penetrometer dengan ukuran plat 5 cm x 20 cm digunakan untuk menekan tanah sampai kedalaman 20 cm dengan kemiringan sudut tekan 90o, 75o, 60o, 45odan 30. Data dianalisis dengan metode regresi linier untuk memperoleh hubungan antara gaya penekanan dan kedalaman penekanan untuk tiap sudut penekanan yang berbeda. Dengan menggunakan persamaan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh sirip aktif roda yang menyentuh tanah dan persamaan regresi linier yang dihasilkan maka dapat diprediksi desain roda besi bersirip untuk traktor roda dua (yanmar TF85 MLY-di). Traktor diasumsikan beroperasi pada sinkage 15 cm sehingga desain yang dipilih adalah desain di mana gaya reaksi yang dihasilkan mampu mengatasi beban yang diberikan oleh traktor dan implemen serta penggunaan bahan konstruksi yang paling minimum. Hasil perhitungan merekomendasikan jumlah sirip 12, sudut sirip 45o, lebar sirip 10 cm, panjang sirip 35 cm, diameter luar roda 84 cm adalah desain roda besi bersirip yang optimum.
Analisis Kebutuhan Torsi Penjatah Pupuk Butiran Tipe Edge-Cell untuk Mesin Pemupuk Jagung Annisa Nur Ichniarsyah; Wawan Hermawan; Tineke Mandang
agriTECH Vol 34, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1308.803 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9529

Abstract

A study on the design of metering device which could work more optimally was conducted to overcome the high friction between the rotor and its metering tube, and the clogging of fertilizer particle on the conventional rotor type metering device. An edge-cell rotor type metering device was proposed to overcome the problems. Objectives of the study were to analyze the torque requirement of the edge-cell type metering device and to design metering device of corn fertilizer applicator with lower torque requirements and high accuracy. A mathematical model to calculate the torque requirement of the rotor was developed and validated using torque measurement in the experiment. Experiments were conducted using a model of fertilizer applicator equipped with a rotor torque measuring sensor and rotated using an electric motor. The torque measurement results showed that the edge-cell type metering device could reduce the torque requirement up to 68% and 80% when tested using urea and TSP, respectively. By using the edge-cell type rotor, there was no problem of clogging of fertilizer particle on the rotor system. The validation results showed that the mathematical model could predict accurately the torque requirement of the rotor only on the lower volume of fertilizer (25%) in the hopper. However, on the higher volume of fertilizer (50% and 100%) in the hopper, the calculated torques was 2-4 times higher than the actual measuring torques. The amount of the fertilizer in the hopper not significantly affected the torque requirement of the rotor.ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai desain penjatah pupuk yang dapat berfungsi lebih optimal dilakukan untuk mengatasi besarnya gaya gesek yang terjadi antara rotor penjatah dan ruang penjatah, serta terjadinya kemacetan perputaran rotor penjatah pupuk pada alat pemupuk dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan torsi penjatah pupuk tipe edge-cell. Model pendugaan matematis untuk menghitung kebutuhan torsi telah dibangun dan divalidasi melalui pengujian kebutuhan torsi. Pengukuran dilakukan enggunakan model alat pemupuk jagung yang dilengkapi dengan sensor pengukur torsi. Penjatah tersebut diputar menggunakan motor AC variable speed. Hasil pengukuran torsi menunjukkan bahwa penjatah tipe edge-cell mampu mengurangi kebutuhan torsi penjatahan hingga 68% (pupuk urea) dan 80% (pupuk TSP). Kemacetan yang terjadi akibat ganjalan butiran pupuk yang besar pada ruang penjatah tidak terjadi saat menggunakan penjatah tipe edge-cell. Hasil pengujian validasi model menunjukkan bahwa model matematis mampu menduga kebutuhan torsi dengan akurat hanya pada saat tingkat volume pupuk dalam hopper 25%. Semakin tinggi volume pupuk dalam hopper (50 dan 100%), hasil pendugaan torsi lebih besar sekitar dua hingga empat kali hasil pengukuran torsi. Volume pupuk dalam hopper tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kebutuhan torsi pada rotor.
Perbaikan Desain Mesin Penanam dan Pemupuk Jagung Bertenega Traktor Tangan Wawan Hermawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 25 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (985.774 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.025.1.%p

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Abstract A prototype of integrated machine for tillage, planting and fertilizer application for corn cultivation powered by hand tractor was modified to improve the planting and fertilizing performances. The fertilizer hopper was redesigned and separated to be two hoppers for urea, and for a mixture of TSP and KCl. The hoppers which had a bigger capacity were placed on left and right sides of the machine. For a better arrangement, the seed hopper was set on the middle part between the fertilizer hoppers. The rotor of fertilizer metering device were redesigned to become an edge cell type rotor, and equipped with a metering cylinder. Materials of the driving wheel were changed by thinner and lighter materials. To improve its driving force, the wheel was equipped by radial lugs and side rims which were set on the main rim. The stationer test result showed that the fertilizer application rate could be varied by setting the rotor opening of the metering device. Capacity of the fertilizer hopper was increased from 5 kg to 12 kg. By modification, the machine weight could be decreased and the vertical load on the handle of the tiller could be decreased from 50 kg (the first prototype) to 31 kg (modified prototype). The application of urea, TSP and KCl could be carried out well, in proper dosage. The theoretical field capacity of the modified prototype was 0.16 ha/hour, and the effective field capacity was 0.13 ha/hour. Keywords: integrated machine, corn planter, fertilizer applicator, modification, performance Abstrak Prototipe mesin pengolah tanah, penanam dan pemupuk jagung terintegrasi dengan tenaga traktor tangan telah dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja pananaman dan pemupukannya. Hoper pupuk didesain ulang dan dibagi dua untuk menampung pupuk urea dan campuran pupuk TSP dan KCl. Hoper pupuk dengan kapasitas lebih besar ditempatkan di bagian sisi kiri dan kanan dari mesin. Untuk susunan yang seimbang, hoper benih ditempatkan di tengahnya. Rotor penjatah pupuk dirancang ulang menjadi rotor tipe edge-cell, dan dilengkapi selubung pengatur penjatahan pupuk. Bahan roda penggerak dipertipis dan diperingan. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan gerak memutarnya, roda tersebut dilengkapi dengan sirip-sirip radial dan pelek samping. Hasil pengujian stasioner menunjukkan bahwa penjatahan pupuk dapat diatur dengan mudah.  Kapasitas hoper pupuk meningkat dari 5 kg menjadi 12 kg. Bobot mesin dapat dikurangi, sehingga beban angkat pada stang traktor berkurang dari 50 kg menjadi 31 kg. Pemupukan urea, TSP+KCl dapat dilakukan dengan dosis yang sesuai.  Kapasitas lapangan teoritis mesin hasil modifikasi adalah 0.16 ha/jam dan kapasitas lapangan efektifnya adalah 0.13 ha/jam. Kata kunci: mesin terintegrasi, penanam jagung, pemupuk, modifikasi, kinerja Diterima: 23 Agustus 2010; Disetujui: 11 Januari 2011  
Kinerja Roda Besi Bersirip Gerak Dengan Mekanisme Sirip Berpegas Wawan Hermawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 24 No. 1 (2010): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3948.146 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.024.1.%p

Abstract

Abstract Two sets of movable lug wheel with spring mechanism for hand tractors have been designed and tested. The wheels were set on local hand tractors and tested for tilling paddy fields in Cianjur and Subang districts, West Java. A local fixed lug wheel was also tested in each location. The movable lug wheel for Cianjur location was equipped with a pair of coiled type torsion springs on each lug, while the movable lug wheel for Subang location was equipped with a shaft type torsion spring on each lug. Field performances: theoretical and actual field capacities, wheel slip, and wheel shrinkage, were measured during the test. The test result in Cianjur showed that the movable lug wheel had a better traction performance than the fixed lug wheel. The average wheel slip of the movable lug wheel was 11.54%, while the average wheel slip of the fixed lug wheel was 20.89%. Field efficiency of the movable lug wheel was 76.33%, which was bigger than the fixed lug wheel (68.45%). However, the test result using shaft type torsion springs in Subang showed that the spring mechanism did not work well, and the spring mechanism should be modified on its torsion-shaft diameter and welding strength. Keywords: lug wheel, movable lug, field performance, torsion spring, tillage Diterima: 6 November 2009; Disetujui: 29 Maret 2010
DESAIN RODA BESI BERSIRIP TRAKTOR DUA-RODA DENGAN BANTUAN (CAD). Irwin Syahri Cebro; Wawan Hermawan; Desrial .
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.020.2.%p

Abstract

Abstract Traction performance of a cage wheel for two-wheel tractor depends on its shape dimension, lugs materials and soil condition. In order to get the optimum design of the cage wheel, the relation betwen tractor, implement and soil condition should be considered carefully. The objective of this research was to determine optimum design parameter of cage wheel based on working condition of tractor and to make a computer program for design analysis and for producing engineering drawing of the cage wheels. Soil condition and two-wheel tractor construction were measured and the data was used for getting the optimum design parameters by using optimization method. A computer program was developed and employed for the optimization process and for drawing the design result. As a trial of the program, the optimum design parameters of cage wheel for Yanmar YST-EX tractor working at Sawah Baru rice field were found to be: 80 cm of wheel diameter: 10 lugs: 19.63 cm x 9.68 c, of lug size; and 20o of lug angle. The result revealed that the program could determine the optimum design parameters and could produce the engineering drawing of the cage wheel property. Keyword: cage wheel. Design parameter, engineering drawing, computer program.
MATERIAL SUBSTITUTION FOR THE SUPPORTING FRAME OF POWER TILLER WITH FINITE ELEMNT ANALYSIS APPROACH Midian Shite; Setyo pertiwi; Wawan Hermawan; Masayuki Koike; Tomohiro Takigawa; Hideo Hasegawa
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.020.2.%p

Abstract

ABSTRACT Due to its advantageouse characteristic, aluminum is considered to substitute the existing steel as material of the supporting frame of  power tiller to meet the strength and environment concerns. The investigation was emphasized on the comparison of both material in view of stress and deformation. In this study, both experimental test and finite element (FE) analysis were employed to meet the research concem.comparison between the experimental test and numerical analysis result indicated acceptable differnces of about 7-33% wich is lower than the previouse research. Substitution with aluminum was confirmed using material index that aluminum has better performance in strength and stiffness than that of steel by prescibing minimum better performance in strength and stiffness than that of steel by prescibing minimum weight. FE analysis result revealed that aluminum model was capable of sustaining loads about equal to the steel model. It was based on its maximum von Mises stress wich was insignificatly lower than the steel model. In term of strength characteristic, strength ratio of the aluminum model was higher than the steel model. Furthemore, the substitution also resulted in redistrubuting stress into wider area and mass reduction for about 36%. Keyword: Mterial Substitution, Finite Element Methode, Static Analysis, Supporting Frame, Mass Reduction
Pengembangan Mesin Penanam dan Pemupuk Jagung Terintegrasi dengan Pengolahan Tanah Alur Agustami Sitorus; Wawan Hermawan; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1987.975 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.03.2.%p

Abstract

The prototype of integrated corn planter and fertilizer applicator for strip tillage has been developed. The development was done by using wheel axis of hand tractor for driven rotor fertilizer applicator and metering device corn planter. Planting furrows were made into two furrows on a single pass with strip tillage. The objective of this study was to develop and to conduct performance test of the corn planting and fertilizing for strip tillage. Stationer test result showed that the fertilizer applicator and corn planter performance could be metering 20.71 g/m NPK fertilizer and 1-3 seeds of corn per planting hole respectively. Field test result showed that the fertilizer applicator and corn planter performance could be metering 15.88 g/m NPK fertilizer and 1-2 seeds of corn per planting hole respectively. Mean seed spacing was 21.5 cm which was longer than the theoretical seed spacing (20 cm). Fertilizer and seed hopper capacity were 16.53 kg and 1kg respectively. Effective fieldcapacity was 0.147 ha/h (low-1)and 0.350 ha/h (low-2) and efficiency for respective speed was 76.24% and 83.78%.  
Desain dan Pengujian Mesin Sortasi Telur Ayam Feby Nopriandi; Desrial .; Wawan Hermawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1400.871 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.03.2.%p

Abstract

Based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No 3926:2008, egg weight is classified into three classifications: small (<50 g), medium (50-60 g), and large (>60 g). Nowadays egg grading process in Indonesia was still done manually. The objective of this research was for designing, constructing, and performance testing of egg sorting machine. The machine testing includes performance accuracy, machine capacity, and egg crack of the sorting result. The egg sorting machine consisted of five main parts: conveyor system, steering conveyor system, sorting conveyor system, and exit conveyor system. Test result showed that the machine could sort the egg with accuracy of 83 % without any cracking in eggshell. The machine capacity was most affected by the speed of sorting conveyor system. The variables which influence the speed of sorting conveyor system were initial speed rotation (Na), work speed rotation (Nb), and length of the track on initial speed rotation path (L). The maximum machine capacity was 61 eggs per minute and obtained by configuration of Na, Nb, and L of 15.5 rpm, 24.5 rpm, and 6 cm respectively.