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An Assessment of Rainfall Variability and Trends in Wukari, Nigeria from 1981 to 2021 Omopekunola, Moses Oluoke; Jacob, Abel; Abubakar, Ahmed; Achimugu, Augustina
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5402

This study assessed the trends and variability of rainfall in Wukari, Nigeria, from 1981 to 2021, using the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data sets. Rainfall trends and variations over the study period were analyzed using Mann Kendal trend test and the Theil Sen slope estimator. The assessment of monthly rainfall variation for the rainy months (May-October) showed an increasing trend for August, September, and October, with August having the highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.051 mmmonth-1. The result also showed an encroachment of the dry spell towards the rainy season and vice versa. This will create a variation in onset of rainfall and cessation in the coming decades, which will affect the farming season in Wukari in terms of the time of planting and harvesting of crops. A decline in annual rainfall of magnitude -0.005mm/ year was observed within the period 1981 to 2021. The rainfall pattern revealed a periodic trend on a decadal basis with an increasing trend been followed be decreasing trend in the next decade. The highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.73 mmdecade-1 was observed in the third decade, and the highest decreasing trend in the fourth decade, with magnitude -0.93 mmdecade-1. Based on the trend pattern, an increasing trend in rainfall amount is expected in next decade (2021-2030), with a higher increasing trend magnitude greater than that of the third decade. Therefore, it is recommended that Government Agencies and stakeholders in the agriculture sector should be proactive in educating/enlightening farmers on the likelihood of a change in the farming season and make adequate preparation to mitigate the effect of flooding in the area.

An Assessment of Rainfall Variability and Trends in Wukari, Nigeria from 1981 to 2021 Omopekunola, Moses Oluoke; Jacob, Abel; Abubakar, Ahmed; Achimugu, Augustina
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5402

This study assessed the trends and variability of rainfall in Wukari, Nigeria, from 1981 to 2021, using the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data sets. Rainfall trends and variations over the study period were analyzed using Mann Kendal trend test and the Theil Sen slope estimator. The assessment of monthly rainfall variation for the rainy months (May-October) showed an increasing trend for August, September, and October, with August having the highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.051 mmmonth-1. The result also showed an encroachment of the dry spell towards the rainy season and vice versa. This will create a variation in onset of rainfall and cessation in the coming decades, which will affect the farming season in Wukari in terms of the time of planting and harvesting of crops. A decline in annual rainfall of magnitude -0.005mm/ year was observed within the period 1981 to 2021. The rainfall pattern revealed a periodic trend on a decadal basis with an increasing trend been followed be decreasing trend in the next decade. The highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.73 mmdecade-1 was observed in the third decade, and the highest decreasing trend in the fourth decade, with magnitude -0.93 mmdecade-1. Based on the trend pattern, an increasing trend in rainfall amount is expected in next decade (2021-2030), with a higher increasing trend magnitude greater than that of the third decade. Therefore, it is recommended that Government Agencies and stakeholders in the agriculture sector should be proactive in educating/enlightening farmers on the likelihood of a change in the farming season and make adequate preparation to mitigate the effect of flooding in the area.

Academic Planning Unit of Public Universities in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward Abubakar, Ahmed
International Journal on Integrated Education Vol. 5 No. 12 (2022): IJIE
Publisher : Researchparks Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31149/ijie.v5i12.3745

Planning is very important in university administration. Planning is critical to the attainment of universities goals and objectives. It laid down the foundation for every other process to take off. Academic planning unit in public universities are faced with a lot of challenges. This paper is aimed to discuss the challenges facing Academic planning unit in public Universities in Nigeria. The data were collected from both print and online publications. The paper concluded that inadequate funding, inadequate infrastructural facilities, poor capacity development programme, lack of cooperation, inadequate working materials, poor motivation and shortage of ICT facilities are the major challenges militating against service delivery of Academic planning unit of public Universities in Nigeria. Based on the identified challenges, the paper among other points recommended that the Universities administrators should allocate adequate funds to the Academic planning units and provide efficient and effective ICT facilities among other basic needs as identified in the paper.

Rubber plantations in tropical landscapes: agronomic systems, environmental impacts, and evidence-based management recommendations Mohammed Hashim Ali, Fadeila; Zaibon, Syaharudin bin; Uddin, Md Kamal; Abubakar, Ahmed; Haque, Shamsul
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.101146

While Natural Rubber (NR) supports global supply chains, rapid expansion in South and Southeast Asia has noticeable effects on biodiversity, hydrology, and the carbon balance. This review synthesises the economic importance, environmental challenges, commercial applications, and ecological impacts of rubber production and plantation expansion. Furthermore, the study combines high-resolution deforestation attribution (Sentinel-2/Landsat), Eddy-Covariance (EC) comparisons of plantations and nearby tropical forests, and models that include a rubber-specific Plant Functional Type (PFT). In addition, conversion from forest to rubber consistently simplifies habitats, decreases species richness and functional diversity, reduces ecosystem carbon storage, raises peak flows and sediment export, and lowers baseflow. Conversely, replacing annual cropland can increase above-ground biomass and provide partial carbon gains. As such, results depend systematically on prior land use, monsoon intensity and rainfall patterns, elevation, and management practices (monoculture versus diversified agroforestry). The study recommends directing new planting onto already cleared land through spatial planning and reliable traceability; adopting diversified rubber agroforestry and soil- and water-conserving methods. This includes explicitly integrating rubber within zero-deforestation policies and results-based carbon payments. In line with this, rubber-specific modelling and open flux datasets should support climate-risk assessments and monitoring. Overall, focused governance and agroforestry strategies can balance ecological trade-offs while maintaining production, aligning natural-rubber supply with verifiable climate and biodiversity safeguards.

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