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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset Open Access DRIVERset
Dass, Peter Micheal
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Study on Some Mechanical Properties of Waste PET and Sand Composites Atiku, Jamila Umar; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Alheri, Andrew; Aaron, Andema Kanadi; Dass, Peter Micheal
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5513

Abstract

The escalating issue of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges in Nigeria due to its resistance to natural degradation. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of recycling waste PET into composite materials by incorporating sand sourced from three distinct locations. Composites were formulated by blending PET waste with sand in varying ratios, designated as samples A, B, and C. We meticulously evaluated the mechanical properties of these composites, focusing on impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness. The findings reveal that increasing sand content correlates with a decrease in impact strength, a trend consistent across all samples as PET content diminishes. Although compressive strength initially exhibits a slight increase with additional sand, it ultimately enhances with greater PET proportions. Conversely, tensile strength experiences a modest rise with increased sand and a significant improvement with elevated PET levels. Notably, hardness decreases with rising sand content but improves with higher PET levels. These results highlight the potential of PET-sand composites as sustainable construction materials, representing a practical approach to mitigating plastic waste while contributing to eco-friendly building practices.
Study on Some Mechanical Properties of Waste PET and Sand Composites Atiku, Jamila Umar; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Alheri, Andrew; Aaron, Andema Kanadi; Dass, Peter Micheal
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5513

Abstract

The escalating issue of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges in Nigeria due to its resistance to natural degradation. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of recycling waste PET into composite materials by incorporating sand sourced from three distinct locations. Composites were formulated by blending PET waste with sand in varying ratios, designated as samples A, B, and C. We meticulously evaluated the mechanical properties of these composites, focusing on impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness. The findings reveal that increasing sand content correlates with a decrease in impact strength, a trend consistent across all samples as PET content diminishes. Although compressive strength initially exhibits a slight increase with additional sand, it ultimately enhances with greater PET proportions. Conversely, tensile strength experiences a modest rise with increased sand and a significant improvement with elevated PET levels. Notably, hardness decreases with rising sand content but improves with higher PET levels. These results highlight the potential of PET-sand composites as sustainable construction materials, representing a practical approach to mitigating plastic waste while contributing to eco-friendly building practices.
Optimization of the Dyeing Conditions of Natural Dye from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pod on Cotton Fabrics Kanadi, Andama Aaron; Yakubu, Joshua; Yakubu, James; Bilyamin, Abdulkadir Junior; Ayo, Akinterinwa; Dass, Peter Micheal
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i2.10011

Abstract

This study examines the dyeing performance, color fastness, surface morphology, and antimicrobial properties of cotton fabrics dyed with natural dye extract, both with and without mordant treatment. The dye extract was applied to treated and untreated cotton fabrics, while CuSO₄, FeSO₄, and KAl(SO₄)₂ were used as mordants to produce different color shades. The optimum dyeing conditions for treated and untreated cotton fabrics were identified at dye concentrations of 2% and 1.5%, temperatures of 90°C and 80°C, and dyeing times of 60 and 50 minutes, respectively. Color fastness to washing and sunlight was evaluated, and the surface morphology of dyed and undyed fabrics was investigated using SEM. The dyed cotton fabrics demonstrated good color fastness, with ratings ranging from 3 to 5 under washing and sunlight exposure. Antimicrobial analysis showed that all dyed fabrics, with and without mordants, produced no inhibition zone against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi, with values of 0.00 ± 0.00. However, the dyed fabrics exhibited varying inhibition zones against the fungus Penicillium notatum. Treated cotton dyed with copper sulphate mordant showed the highest inhibition zone of 1.1 ± 0.00 mm, whereas untreated cotton dyed with potassium aluminium sulphate mordant showed the lowest inhibition zone of 0.4 ± 0.00 mm. The study concludes that mordant-assisted dyeing can improve shade variation and maintain acceptable color fastness in cotton fabrics, while the antifungal activity of the dyed fabrics suggests potential functional value for naturally dyed textile applications.
Co-Authors Aaron, Andema Kanadi Alheri, Andrew Atiku, Jamila Umar Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu Ayo, Akinterinwa Bilyamin, Abdulkadir Junior Kanadi, Andama Aaron Yakubu, James Yakubu, Joshua