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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Audu, Jankada Patience
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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In-Vitro Estimation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Antioxidant Contents and Determination of Flavonoid, Amino Acid, and Vitamin Profiles of Ethanol Seed Extract of Annona squamosa Linn Yakubu, Ojochenemi Ejeh; Audu, Jankada Patience; Adebisi, Arowora Kayode
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3470

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyse the flavonoid, amino acid, and vitamin profiles of ethanol seed extract of Annona squamosa using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fruits of Annona squamosa were collected from Takum, Taraba State, the seeds were removed from the fruit washed with water, dried in the shade and then pulverized into fine powder. For the crude extraction, the method adopted by Yakubu et al. (2020) was adopted for this protocol. The IC50 of the seed was found to be 3.87. The total flavonoid content was significantly higher (182.76±0.61) compared with the total phenolic compound (70.34±3.04). A reliable detection and peak resolution were obtained from the HPLC analysis. The result showed the presence of nine amino acids, which include; Threonine (9.6%), Phenyl Alanine (17.0%), Aspartic Acid (26.0 %), Glutamic acid (16.0%), Leucine (5.7%), Iso-Leucine (5.3%), Glycine (5.0 %), Arginine (2.3), Glutamine (13.2%), three vitamins; vitamin K (0.4%), vitamin B1(63.0 %) and B3 (36.6%), and three flavonoid compounds Trolox (0.2%), Quercetin (2.1%) and Coumaric acid (97.7%) in plant sample. The phytochemical study confirms that the seed of Annona squamosa rich sources of amino acids such as and these herbal raw materials can exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities.
A Review: Role of Aldosterone in Hypertension Audu, Jankada Patience; Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary; Ipav, Selumun Solomon; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3663

Abstract

In Western societies, hypertension affects up to 20% of the population, making it a significant public health concern. The rates of blood pressure control remain unsatisfactory despite advancements in treatment. Since hypertension is a complex disorder, there is rarely a single, obvious cause identified for so-called "essential" hypertension. The primary mineralocorticoid in humans, aldosterone is increasingly understood to contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity. Its role in hypertension has also been examined in view of recent research suggesting that up to 15% of hypertensive individuals exhibit a key phenotype of increased aldosterone biosynthesis, as indicated by an elevated aldosterone to renin ratio. Excessive production or activity of mineralocorticoids is a significant contributing factor to secondary hypertension. Humans' basic mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, and when an aldosterone-secreting adenoma (Conns tumour) is linked to primary aldosterone excess, it can be surgically treated. Although primary aldosteronism was once thought to be rare, recent studies have reported preval_ence rates of up to 20% among hypertensive patients. This reflects the increasing use of the plasma aldosterone concentration to renin activity ratio (ARR), which is a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion. Traditionally, patients with Conns tumour present with spontaneous hypokalaemia and have a relative excess of aldosterone production with suppression of plasma levels of renin (a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion).
Co-Authors Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid Ekpo, Fidelis Okii Ipav, Selumun Solomon Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Istifanus, Dafup Katdel Janya, Danjuma Namuma, Shitta Nasisi Sule, Josephine Maina Sunday, Abu Michael Umaru, Isaac John Yakubu, Ojochenemi Ejeh