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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset
Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Journal : Open Access DRIVERset

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Phytochemicals Screening, Minerals Composition and Proximate Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum) Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar; Goje, Lazaru Joseph; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3666

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant with potential health benefits. The use of medicinal plants as remedies or medicine in prevention and treatment of several diseases was in place for many years. Garlic (Allium sativum) is among those plants because it possesses those characteristics. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents, mineral composition, and proximate analysis of garlic. The qualitative phytochemicals screening of garlic ethanolic extract reveals the presence of Tannins, Alkaloid, Saponin, steroid, Glycosides, phenols and flavonoid while the quantitative shows that the extract composed of Alkaloid 10%, Saponin 5.30%, Tannin 4.10 µg/ml, Glycosides 4.40%, flavonoid 2.20%, phenols 3.14 µg/ml. The proximate analysis reveals that the garlic extract contains carbohydrate 65.84%, fiber 7.14%, fat 2.15%,ash 9.90%,moisture 7.58%, protein 7.30% The determination of some minerals composition in (mg/kg) reveals that the extract is composed of sodium(22mg/kg), potassium(531.5 mg/kg), zinc(7.1 mg/kg), copper(0.36 mg/kg), Iron(2.7 mg/kg), calcium(233 mg/kg) and magnesium(35.4 mg/kg) respectively were also detected, highlighting garlic's potential as a nutraceutical food supplement.. This research contributes valuable insights into the bioactive components of garlic, supporting its traditional use and potential health benefits. Further studies could explore its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties.
Effect of Medicinal Plants on Liver and Malaria Pathogenesis Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3674

Abstract

This seminar reviewed the literatures on the effects of medicinal plants on liver and malaria pathogenesis. Malaria parasite has a complex life cycle that takes place both inside the mosquito and human beings. Generally, diagnosis of malaria is classified into clinical and parasitological diagnoses. Lack of clear understanding on the overall biology of Plasmodium (malaria), its life cycle and its mechanism of action has created a challenge in an effort to develop new drugs, and preventive methods against malaria such as using malaria vaccines and vector control. They have been a rise in the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines over the years. The use of herbal plants or their preparations in the management of various diseases including liver diseases has been practiced for several decades and its extension in current dispensation is recognized. It has been shown that the effect of medicinal plants is somehow related to belief, tradition and culture of the community. However, there are growing concerns related to the safety and toxicities of these medicines. These herbal medicines are associated with complications such as liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases with abnormal liver functions tests to sudden and severe liver failure necessitating liver transplantation. The liver is a very important organ with a lot of functions such as metabolism, detoxification, and storage of nutrients for the host to survive. Standard liver marker enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, globulin are essential when carrying out liver function tests. Medicinal plant components are essential for and can be beneficial or detrimental to the healthy or diseased liver. Medicinal Plants are an essential part of the human diet and comprise various compounds (photochemical) such as alkaloid (pyrrolizidine), kavalactone which are related to liver health. Selected medicinal plants can provide nutritional and medicinal support for liver diseases. At the present, the knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants on the liver is still incomplete. The most urgent task at the present time is to find the best dietary and medicinal plants for liver health in an endless list of candidates globally. This review updates the knowledge about the effects of medicinal plants consumption on the health of the liver, putting particular emphasis on the potential beneficial and harmful impact of medicinal plants on liver function.
Microbial Isolates in Microplastic-Polluted Soil Battah, Moses Victor; Olawale, Otitoju; Abah, Moses; John, Umaru Isaac; Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid; Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Vera, Caleb; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3705

Abstract

Microplastic pollution is a growing environmental concern, with plastic debris fragmenting into microscopic particles that contaminate soil ecosystems. Microplastics have become a major environmental concern due to their persistent presence in various ecosystems, including soil. They can act as pollutants and have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. This study aimed at isolating and identifying microbes (Bacteria and Fungi species) present in microplastic-polluted soil. Microplastic-polluted soil samples were collected from three sites (which were Kwararafa University Area Wukari to serve as the site 1, Federal Road Safety Commission Office Area Wukari to be the site 2, while Marmara Area Wukari to be the site 3), from two points; A and B and then packaged in brown envelopes which were then transferred to the Laboratory for further analysis after air-drying them for 24 hours. Then 1gram of each soil sample was weighed and suspended in 9mls of distilled water respectively; Six (6) folds of distilled water were prepared for serial dilution of each soil sample. 1ml of each sample was pour plated on NA, MAC, BA, EMB, CLED and SDA respectively. Then a smear of bacteria was prepared and allow to air dry for 30min and heat fix using flame after which was viewed under the microscope. The results obtained from this study showed that Staphylococcus spp are large, medium, small, and pinpoint in size, irregular and spherical in shape, light pink, creamy grey in color, smooth, mucoid and dried texture. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp here has similar morphological characteristics, both in size, shape, color, texture, margin and elevation as Staphylococcus spp. Bacillus spp and Pseudomonas spp here has similar morphological identification but differ only in their shape where Bacillus spp has a filamentous shape but Pseudomonas spp has rhizoid shape respectively. In terms of texture, Bacillus spp are Smooth, dried and mucoid but Pseudomonas spp are only smooth, dried texture. Bacillus spp and Pseudomonas spp only differ in their cell morphology where Bacillus spp appears to be rods with spores while Pseudomonas spp appears as short and long rods in pairs. They react positive to catalase, oxidase and citrate tests while negative to indole test. Aspergillus Niger and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be the major fungi isolated from the collected sample. Aspergillus Niger and Rhizopus stolonifer are spherical in shape and are large in size. Aspergillus Niger appears powdery and Rhizopus stolonifer appears to fluffy, wood-like. In terms of color and pigmentation Aspergillus Niger species are black, black creamy on reverse while Rhizopus stolonifer appears grayish in color. The discovery of these microbes in microplastics-polluted soil offers a ray of hope for mitigating plastic pollution. By delving deeper into their capabilities and fostering collaboration between microbiologists and environment. This research will contribute to a broader understanding of the ecological impact of microplastics on soil health and functioning. By identifying microbes associated with microplastics, the specific mechanism of action employed by these bacteria in degrading microplastics can be studied subsequently.
Effects of Methanol Leaf and Root Extracts of Lophira lanceolata on Haematological Indices and Tissue Histology in Bitis arietans Venom-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Tersur, Kyugah Jacob; Manu, Sukyakma
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i1.9306

Abstract

Snakebite envenomation frequently causes severe haematological disturbances through venom-induced haemotoxicity and systemic inflammatory responses. This study investigated the restorative effects of methanol leaf and root extracts of Lophira lanceolata on haematological indices in Bitis arietans venom-intoxicated Wistar rats. Thirty-six male rats were assigned to six groups: normal control, venom control, venom plus antiserum, venom plus leaf extract (200 mg/kg), venom plus root extract (200 mg/kg), and venom plus combined extracts. After 14 days of treatment, blood samples were analyzed for white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin, platelets, and haematocrit. Venom intoxication induced significant leukocytosis, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and reduced haematocrit, whereas treatment with L. lanceolata extracts, particularly the root extract, significantly improved these parameters toward normal levels. The root extract restored white blood cells to 8.40 ± 0.38 × 10⁹/L, red blood cells to 7.65 ± 0.30 × 10¹²/L, haemoglobin to 6.80 ± 0.20 g/dL, platelets to 425.50 ± 19.26 × 10⁹/L, and haematocrit to 20.50 ± 1.13%, indicating superior haematoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects relative to the leaf extract. Histological examination further confirmed these findings, showing that the extracts, especially the root, ameliorated venom-induced necrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion in liver and kidney tissues. These findings suggest that Lophira lanceolata, particularly its root extract, has therapeutic potential as a complementary intervention for managing snakebite-induced haematological disorders and tissue damage.
Co-Authors Abah, Moses Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar Battah, Moses Victor Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Goje, Lazaru Joseph Habibu, Bilyaminu Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Istifanus, Dafup Katdel John, Umaru Isaac Manu, Sukyakma Olawale, Otitoju Tersur, Kyugah Jacob Umaru, Isaac John Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Vera, Caleb