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Perdiyana, Angki
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Health Professions

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Rosacea: Gejala, Diagnosis, dan Tata Laksana: Tinjauan Pustaka Perdiyana, Angki; Allatib, Arohid; Dhamayanti, Marsita Endy
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1664

Abstract

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the central face, characterized by redness, visible blood vessels, and acne-like lesions. The exact cause of rosacea is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic, immune, and environmental factors. The diagnostic criteria for rosacea on the face, particularly the cheeks, nose, and perioral area, include the primary symptom of persistent central facial erythema, often accompanied by flushing in a characteristic pattern that may periodically worsen. Common triggers include sun exposure, stress, and certain foods. The condition is classified into subtypes based on phenotypic presentation, with central erythema as a key symptom. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including lifestyle modifications, topical and systemic therapies, and,at times, laser treatments, to improve patient quality of life. The prognosis for rosacea is influenced by two main factors: the severity of the condition and the presence of comorbidities, both of which can affect the patient’s quality of life. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop more effective treatments.
Pemfigoid Bulosa: Faktor Risiko, Gejala Klinis, Diagnosis, dan Penatalaksanaan: Tinjauan Pustaka Allatib, Arohid; Perdiyana, Angki; Dhamayanti, Marsita Endy
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 08 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i08.1681

Abstract

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease characterized by subepidermal bullae, primarily affecting the elderly population. This disease involves autoantibodies targeting hemidesmosomal proteins, particularly BP180 and BP230, which play a crucial role in dermal-epidermal adhesion. Although bullous pemphigoid may resolve spontaneously, some cases exhibit a chronic course with significant complications. Diagnosis is based on history-taking, physical examination, and supportive investigations, including direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. Management involves topical corticosteroids for localized cases and systemic corticosteroids for more extensive involvement. Immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate or azathioprine are used as adjunctive therapy. Several factors, including advanced age, neurological comorbidities, and exposure to certain medications, may increase the risk of developing bullous pemphigoid and influence its prognosis. Early recognition of characteristic clinical findings, confirmation through immunopathological examination, and selection of treatment according to disease severity and patient comorbidities are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Long-term monitoring is also required to detect relapse, treatment-related adverse effects, and complications associated with this disease. Although the mortality rate remains high, effective management can help alleviate symptoms and minimize long-term complications.
Co-Authors Allatib, Arohid Dhamayanti, Marsita Endy