Kholidiyah Salma
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

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Telaah Empiris-Positivistik Auguste Comte terhadap Fenomena Dispensasi Nikah di Indonesia Kholidiyah Salma; Achmad Khudori Soleh; M Aunul Hakim
JURNAL YAQZHAN: Analisis Filsafat, Agama dan Kemanusiaan Vol 11, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : IAIN SYEKH NUR JATI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24235/jy.v11i2.23302

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena dispensasi nikah di Indonesia melalui perspektif empiris-positivistik Auguste Comte, guna memberikan pemahaman ilmiah yang objektif terhadap dinamika sosial-hukum yang berkembang pasca perubahan batas usia perkawinan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah praktik dispensasi nikah sebagai realitas sosial-hukum yang tercermin dalam putusan Pengadilan Agama, statistik perkara Badan Peradilan Agama, serta regulasi hukum terkait. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan landasan positivistik, melalui pengumpulan data empiris institusional yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik observasi, klasifikasi, analisis pola, serta hubungan sebab–akibat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) positivisme Auguste Comte menyediakan kerangka epistemologis yang menempatkan fakta empiris sebagai sumber pengetahuan yang sah, dengan kebenaran diuji melalui konsistensi dan keterulangan data; (2) fenomena dispensasi nikah di Indonesia merupakan realitas sosial-hukum yang objektif dan terstruktur, ditandai oleh pola peningkatan, stabilisasi, dan variasi kasus yang dapat diukur lintas wilayah dan waktu; serta (3) telaah positivistik menegaskan bahwa dispensasi nikah berfungsi sebagai mekanisme keteraturan sosial yang lahir dari interaksi antara norma hukum dan kondisi sosial yang konkret. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan pendekatan empiris dalam kajian hukum keluarga agar analisis kebijakan lebih berbasis data dan realitas sosial.ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of marriage dispensation in Indonesia through the empirical-positivistic perspective of Auguste Comte, in order to provide an objective scientific understanding of the socio-legal dynamics that have developed following changes to the minimum age of marriage. The subject of this research is the practice of marriage dispensation as a socio-legal reality reflected in Religious Court decisions, case statistics from the Directorate General of Religious Courts, and relevant legal regulations. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive method grounded in a positivistic approach, using institutional empirical data analyzed through observation, classification, pattern analysis, and causal relationships. The findings indicate that (1) Auguste Comte’s positivism provides an epistemological framework that positions empirical facts as the sole legitimate source of knowledge, with truth verified through data consistency and recurrence; (2) the phenomenon of marriage dispensation in Indonesia constitutes an objective and structured socio-legal reality, as evidenced by measurable patterns of increase, stabilization, and variation in cases across regions and time; and (3) a positivistic analysis confirms that marriage dispensation functions as a mechanism of social order arising from the interaction between legal norms and concrete social conditions. This study recommends the adoption of empirical approaches in family law studies to ensure that policy analysis is more firmly grounded in data and social reality.
Analysis of Sadd adz-Dzari’ah Against the Paradox of "Love" as a Reason for Marriage Dispensation Kholidiyah Salma; Kasuwi Saiban
JURNAL ILMU SYARIAH Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Universitas Ibn Khaldun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32832/mizan.v14i1.22436

Abstract

The revision of Marriage Law No. 16 of 2019, which sets the minimum age at 19, aims to minimize child marriage. However, national data from 2022-2025 shows an anomaly with high rates of marriage dispensation requests dominated by reasons of "love" and "fear of adultery" (67.16%). This study aims to analyze the shift in the meaning of urgency through the perspective of sadd adz-dzari’ah and to formulate a more protective reconstruction of the dispensation model. Using a qualitative literature study method with an Islamic law approach, this research finds that judges' ijtihad tends to be trapped in preventing presumptive harm (mafsadah mauhumah) such as adultery, while ignoring actual harm (mafsadah muhaqqaqah) such as school dropout and health risks. This causes the function of dispensation to shift from closing the door to harm (sadd adz-dzari’ah) to opening a new door to harm (fath adz-dzari’ah). The results recommend a "Conditional Dispensation" model through mandatory expert involvement and educational integrity pacts to ensure the future welfare of children. Keywords: Marriage Dispensation; Sadd adz-Dzari’ah; Underage Marriage; Maqashid Syariah; Judicial Ijtihad