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Hydrological Assessment and Irrigation Water Optimization Based on Cropping Patterns in the Way Bungur Irrigation Area, Indonesia Restika Putri; Frida Yassar Maula; Muhammad Rizki Arif; Ikhsan Maulidi; Vina Apriliani
International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability
Publisher : CV FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/ijhes.v4i3.926

Abstract

Efficient water management is essential for sustaining agricultural productivity, particularly in regions supported by technical irrigation systems such as the Way Bungur Irrigation Area in Pringsewu Regency, Indonesia. Although water availability in this region is generally adequate, its utilization remains inefficient due to cropping schedules that are not aligned with seasonal hydrological conditions, especially during the dry season. This study evaluates irrigation water requirements based on crop types and the official Cropping Pattern Plan (SK RTT), and compares them with water availability estimated using the F.J. Mock hydrological model. Input data include rainfall records, climatological parameters, river discharge, and field measurements. Crop water requirements were calculated using the FAO Penman–Monteith method, while water availability was assessed through dependable flow analysis. Results indicate that water availability in the Way Bungur watershed generally exceeds irrigation demand across three cropping seasons. However, temporal mismatches between planting schedules and water surplus or deficit periods lead to suboptimal water use. These findings highlight the importance of integrating annual water balance analysis into cropping pattern planning to enhance allocation efficiency, reduce risk, and promote sustainable agricultural development.
Water Balance Analysis for Irrigation Sustainability in the Way Kelutum Irrigation Area Restika Putri; Dyah Indriana Kusumastuti; Frida Yassar Maula
International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability
Publisher : CV FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/ijhes.v5i1.932

Abstract

The sustainability of irrigated agriculture in regions with pronounced seasonal rainfall variability depends on maintaining a balance between water availability and crop water demand. This study evaluates the irrigation water balance in the Way Kelutum Irrigation Area, Pringsewu Regency, Lampung, Indonesia, through a semi-monthly analysis integrating crop water requirements and dependable river discharge. Crop water demand was estimated using the Penman–Monteith method, while dependable discharge at an 80% reliability level was calculated using the F.J. Mock model based on rainfall, climatological data, and watershed characteristics. The results indicate that effective rainfall contributes substantially to meeting crop water requirements during the early rainy season, whereas irrigation supply becomes the primary source of water during the dry season. The dependable discharge of the Way Kelutum River varies between 0.10 and 1.40 m³/s throughout the year. Semi monthly water balance analysis shows that available water resources are sufficient to support two rice-growing seasons over an irrigated area of 42.04 ha, while water deficits occur for secondary crops during the peak dry period. By emphasising intra-seasonal water balance dynamics rather than annual-scale averages, this study provides practical insights for determining operational cropping patterns in small-to-medium irrigation schemes, particularly under conditions of limited dry-season water availability.