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All Journal Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan
Kusdiyana Kusdiyana
Universitas Islam Negeri SIBER Syekh Nurjati Cirebon
Religion Astronomy

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A Comparative Study of Islamic Astronomy and Jurisprudence on the Qibla Direction of Historical Mosques in Cirebon Indonesia Kusdiyana Kusdiyana; Samsudin Samsudin; Muhammad Buchori; Roqiyul Ma’arif Syam
Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan Vol 11, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia (Islamic Law) at Fatmawati Sukarno State Islamic University Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/mzn.v11i2.4902

Abstract

Determining the correct Qibla direction is of utmost importance for Muslims. However, it is ironic that many people are indifferent to the accuracy of the Qibla direction in local mosques, often relying on religious figures without consulting experts in the field. This negligence often results in inaccurate Qibla directions, especially in historical mosques that still stand today. This study examines several historical mosques in Cirebon, Indonesia, including Pesantren Benda Kerep Mosque, Kramat Kalilunyu Mosque, Kramat Kalijaga Mosque, Masjid Merah Panjunan, and Jagabayan Mosque. Among these, only the Pesantren Benda Kerep Mosque has an accurate Qibla direction according to Islamic astronomy (Ilmu Falak). From a jurisprudential perspective (Fiqh), according to the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali schools of thought, the Qibla directions of the historical mosques—except for Jagabayan Mosque—are still acceptable, as they are classified as facing the general direction of the Kaaba (Jihat al-Ka’bah). In contrast, the Pesantren Benda Kerep Mosque's Qibla precisely faces the physical structure of the Kaaba (‘Ain al-Ka’bah). However, Jagabayan Mosque’s Qibla cannot be tolerated as it deviates beyond the acceptable range according to the Hanafi school's concept of jihat sughra. In the Shafi'i school, the strongest opinion is that only the Pesantren Benda Kerep Mosque qualifies as properly aligned with the Qibla, while the others deviate from the correct direction
Integrating Al-Syāfi‘I Thought and Geospatial Instruments: Google Earth as Qibla Calibration Tools in Aceh Machzumy Machzumy; Kusdiyana Kusdiyana; Muhammad Khalil Mubarraq
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (June)
Publisher : Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v5i1.7840

Abstract

In Aceh Province, where the Syāfi‘I school of jurisprudence predominates, the principle of jihāt al-Kaaba has traditionally guided Muslim communities in determining the qibla. This study explores the intersection between classical jurisprudential perspectives and contemporary geospatial approaches, focusing on the extent to which mosques across Aceh are aligned with the Kaaba. Empirical data were collected through the measurement of mosque orientations and their comparison with the astronomically determined direction of the qibla. The findings reveal a measurable divergence between traditional mosque alignments and precise geospatial calculations. On average, the surveyed mosques are oriented at 289.91350 (2890 54’ 48”), while the exact direction of the jihāt al-Kaaba is 292.55050 (2920 33’ 1”). This discrepancy results in a mean deviation of 2.6370 (20 38’ 13”), with considerable variation at the individual mosque level. The Great Mosque Sulthan Jeumpa in Bireun demonstrates the highest accuracy, deviating only 0.320 (00 19’ 12”), while the Great Mosque Lhoksukon in North Aceh shows the largest misalignment at 16.980 (160 58’ 48”). These variations highlight the uneven application of qibla determination methods, ranging from traditional observational practices to modern geospatial technologies. The integration of tools such as Google Earth provides communities with not only practical accuracy but also spiritual reassurance, reinforcing confidence in qibla orientation. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of combining fiqh based principles with contemporary scientific methods to ensure both symbolic fidelity and empirical precision in religious practice.
Co-Authors Machzumy Machzumy Muhammad Buchori Muhammad Khalil Mubarraq Roqiyul Ma’arif Syam Samsudin Samsudin