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Penggunaan Big Data dan Machine Learning dalam Perumusan Kebijakan Publik: Tinjauan terhadap Prinsip Partisipasi Warga Negara Erfan Wahyudi; Muhammad Suhardi; Wiredarme
Jurnal Perlindungan Masyarakat: Bestuur Praesidium Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : IPDN Kampus NTB

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This study aims to analyze the use of big data and machine learning in public policy formulation by positioning citizen participation as a foundation of democratic legitimacy. The study responds to the growing assumption that data-driven policy is more objective, efficient, and rational, while it may also narrow public participation when governmental decisions rely excessively on digital data and algorithmic recommendations. This research employs a qualitative method with a normative-conceptual approach and library research. The data sources consist of legal materials, policy documents, and academic literature related to big data, machine learning, public policy, digital government, algorithmic governance, and citizen participation. The analysis is conducted through qualitative content analysis and normative interpretation to assess the relationship between analytical technology and participatory principles within the public policy cycle. The findings show that big data and machine learning can strengthen problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, and policy evaluation. However, these technologies also create risks of technocratic policymaking, data bias, underrepresentation of vulnerable groups, weak accountability, and the reduction of citizen participation into mere digital data. This study argues that data-driven policy must preserve public consultation, data correction, citizen objection, decision explanation, and public deliberation. The contribution of this study lies in framing citizen participation as a normative limit on the use of big data and machine learning in public policy formulation.

Tanggung Jawab Konstitusional Negara terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi Warga dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Digital Wiredarme
Jurnal Perlindungan Masyarakat: Bestuur Praesidium Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Maret 2025
Publisher : IPDN Kampus NTB

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This study aims to analyze the position of personal data as part of citizens’ constitutional rights in the implementation of digital government and to formulate the constitutional responsibility of the state in ensuring personal data protection. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. The study applies statutory, conceptual, and normative-contextual case approaches. The data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through library research. The analysis is conducted qualitatively and prescriptively through legal interpretation and legal reasoning. The findings show that citizens’ personal data cannot be understood merely as administrative information, but must be positioned as part of constitutional rights related to privacy, security, dignity, and personal protection. Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection provides a normative basis for linking personal data protection with the guarantee of the constitutional rights of data subjects. In the context of digital government, the state does not only act as a regulator, but also as a data controller, digital service provider, supervisory actor, and guarantor of citizens’ rights recovery. This study proposes five parameters of the state’s constitutional responsibility: legality of data processing, purpose limitation, system security, transparency and access for data subjects, and rights recovery. The findings imply that personal data governance in digital government must move beyond administrative compliance toward stronger constitutional accountability in protecting citizens’ rights.

COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING IN PUBLIC ORDER AND PUBLIC ORDER IN AMPENAN DISTRICT, MATARAM CITY Syaefullah; Dwi Putri Yuliani; Wiredarme; Muh. Suhardi; Abdul Wahab; Abdul Rahman; Luh Putu Vera Astri; M.Zaki Taufik
International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): March-June 2026
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20519621

This Community Service (PKM) aims to increase understanding, legal awareness, and community capacity in maintaining public order and public peace, as well as community protection (Trantibumlinmas) in Ampenan District, Mataram City. The background to this activity is based on the still low level of public understanding of regulations, the less than optimal role of the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas), and the lack of community participation in maintaining environmental security, especially in heterogeneous communities such as immigrant communities. The activity implementation method uses a participatory and educational approach through socialization, interactive discussions, community mentoring, and activity evaluation. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies. This activity involves the community, village officials, community leaders, youth, and Satlinmas members as the main actors in the implementation of Trantibumlinmas. The results of the activity show an increase in community understanding of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 26 of 2020, increased legal awareness, and growing community participation in maintaining environmental order. In addition, the role of Satlinmas also shows improvements in aspects of early detection, environmental security, and social mediation at the village level. Thus, this Community Service Program (PKM) activity contributes to strengthening the synergy between the community, government, and the Public Order Agency (Satlinmas) in creating a safe, orderly, and conducive environment. The resulting recommendations include the need for continuous strengthening of the capacity of the Public Order Agency (Linmas) and an enhanced community-based participant approach to the implementation of the Public Order Agency (Trantibumlinmas).

CONSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR MACHINE LEARNING-BASED SYSTEM ERRORS IN DIGITAL PUBLIC SERVICES Wiredarme
Jurnal Kecerdasan Buatan dan Teknologi Informasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Ninety Media Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69916/jkbti.v3i3.480

This study examines the constitutional accountability of the government for machine learning-based system errors in Indonesia’s digital public services. The objective is to analyze how state responsibility should be formulated when digital systems misread data, reject applications, delay access, produce inaccurate classifications, or incorrectly process citizens’ rights. This research applies a qualitative legal method with normative-juridical, conceptual, and socio-legal approaches. The analysis is based on constitutional norms, public service law, government administration law, personal data protection law, electronic-based government regulations, and recent scholarly debates on automated decision-making and public-sector AI governance. The findings show that machine learning-based errors cannot be treated as ordinary technical failures when they affect citizens’ access to public services. Such errors must be understood as failures of public authority because the system operates within the institutional responsibility of the state. Indonesia already has legal foundations for public service, administrative responsibility, digital government, and personal data protection, but it lacks a specific accountability framework for machine learning-based public service errors. This study proposes the concept of state constitutional responsibility for governmental technology failure, consisting of preventive, explanatory, corrective, institutional, and remedial accountability. The contribution of this study lies in framing machine learning errors in public services as constitutional accountability issues, not merely as technical, administrative, or contractual problems.

CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN INDONESIA’S SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SELECTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Erfan Wahyudi; Wiredarme
Jurnal Kecerdasan Buatan dan Teknologi Informasi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Ninety Media Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69916/jkbti.v2i3.481

This study examines the constitutional implications of using machine learning in Indonesia’s social assistance selection and distribution system. The main objective is to analyze how algorithmic decision-making may affect citizens’ constitutional rights to social security, welfare, equality before the law, legal certainty, and protection from discrimination. This research applies a qualitative legal method with normative-juridical and socio-legal approaches. The analysis is based on constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, social welfare data governance, and policy documents related to Indonesia’s social assistance system, particularly DTKS and SIKS-NG. The findings show that machine learning may improve targeting accuracy and administrative efficiency in social assistance distribution. At the same time, it may reproduce or intensify existing problems in welfare data, especially when the system relies on incomplete, outdated, biased, or unevenly collected information. Algorithmic discrimination may occur indirectly through proxy variables such as residence, housing condition, employment status, digital access, and household composition. This study argues that machine learning should be positioned only as a decision-support tool, not as an autonomous decision-maker. Its constitutional legitimacy depends on data quality, explainability, meaningful human oversight, contestability, independent audit, and clear institutional accountability. The contribution of this study lies in framing machine learning-based social assistance as a constitutional issue, not merely as a technical matter of prediction accuracy or administrative efficiency.

STATE DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY IN THE GOVERNANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITHIN INDONESIA’S GOVERNMENT SYSTEM Wiredarme
Jurnal Kecerdasan Buatan dan Teknologi Informasi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Ninety Media Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69916/jkbti.v2i3.482

This study examines state digital sovereignty in the governance of artificial intelligence within Indonesia’s government system. The main objective is to analyze how the state can maintain effective control over AI infrastructure, public-sector data, and government AI systems while preserving constitutional democracy, citizens’ rights, and public accountability. This research applies a qualitative legal method with normative-juridical, conceptual, and socio-legal approaches. The analysis is based on constitutional principles, statutory regulations, policy documents, and recent scholarly debates on AI governance, digital sovereignty, data sovereignty, and public-sector digital transformation. The findings show that Indonesia has developed important foundations for digital government through the Electronic-Based Government System, One Data Indonesia, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2020–2045. Yet these instruments have not fully established a comprehensive framework for sovereign AI governance. The main risks include infrastructure dependency, weak control over public-sector data, vendor dominance, limited algorithmic accountability, and unclear responsibility for AI-based administrative decisions. This study argues that state digital sovereignty in AI governance requires strategic infrastructure control, public-sector data sovereignty, algorithmic accountability, meaningful human authority, and democratic oversight. The contribution of this study lies in framing AI governance not merely as a matter of technological innovation or administrative efficiency, but as a constitutional issue concerning the state’s capacity to govern digital power in the public interest.

THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ELECTION SUPERVISION: BETWEEN DIGITAL EFFECTIVENESS AND THE PROTECTION OF CITIZENS’ POLITICAL RIGHTS Erfan Wahyudi; Wiredarme
Jurnal Kecerdasan Buatan dan Teknologi Informasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Ninety Media Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69916/jkbti.v3i3.483

This study examines the application of artificial intelligence in Indonesian election supervision, focusing on the balance between digital effectiveness and the protection of citizens’ political rights. The objective is to analyze how AI can support the monitoring of electoral violations, hoaxes, deepfakes, digital campaigns, and voter-data risks without weakening democratic principles. This research applies a qualitative legal method with normative-juridical, conceptual, and socio-legal approaches. The analysis is based on constitutional principles, election law, campaign regulations, personal data protection law, election supervisory regulations, and recent scholarly debates on AI, disinformation, deepfakes, and electoral integrity. The findings show that AI may strengthen election supervision by improving the speed, scale, and accuracy of digital monitoring. Yet AI may also create constitutional risks, including wrongful content classification, suppression of legitimate political expression, unequal enforcement, excessive surveillance, privacy violations, and wrongful voter-data profiling. This study argues that AI-based election supervision is constitutionally legitimate only when it is governed by legality, proportionality, transparency, accountability, and meaningful human oversight. The contribution of this study lies in framing AI in election supervision as a constitutional issue concerning political rights, democratic accountability, and electoral integrity, rather than merely as a technological tool for detecting violations.

CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS ON GOVERNMENT USE OF FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY IN PUBLIC SERVICES AND PUBLIC SECURITY Wiredarme
Jurnal Kecerdasan Buatan dan Teknologi Informasi Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Ninety Media Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69916/jkbti.v4i3.491

This study aims to examine the constitutional limits of government use of facial recognition technology in public services, public security, and citizen identification. The central issue addressed in this article is the tension between state interests in security and administrative efficiency on the one hand, and the protection of privacy, civil liberties, equality, due process, and constitutional rights on the other. This study employs a qualitative legal research method with a normative-doctrinal approach. The analysis is conducted through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches by examining constitutional principles, legal norms, regulatory frameworks, human rights standards, and recent academic literature on facial recognition, biometric governance, digital identity, and public-sector surveillance. The findings show that facial recognition is not merely a technical instrument, but a form of constitutional state action because it enables the government to collect, process, store, and act upon citizens’ biometric identity. In public services, the technology may improve verification and administrative efficiency, but it may also create forced consent and exclusion from essential services. In public security, facial recognition may support lawful identification, but it may also enable mass surveillance, chilling effects, discriminatory outcomes, and unchallengeable decisions. This study contributes a constitutional boundary framework based on legality, legitimate aim, necessity, proportionality, transparency, accountability, non-discrimination, meaningful human review, and effective remedy. The study implies that facial recognition may only be constitutionally justified when technological capability remains subject to strict rights-based legal control.

Pentahelix Collaboration In Community Protection-Based Latent Conflict Management In Mataram City In 2026 Dwi Putri Yuliani; Wiredarme; Syaefullah
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): on Progress
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v6i4.5619

This study aims to analyze the Pentahelix collaboration model in handling latent conflicts based on community protection in Mataram City. Latent conflict is a conflict that develops hidden in society and has the potential to become open conflict if not addressed early. Mataram City, as an area with a high level of social heterogeneity, has the potential for conflict influenced by social identity factors, population density, economic dynamics, and the spread of information on social media. The research method uses a qualitative approach with Spradley ethnographic data analysis through domain analysis, taxonomy, componential, and cultural themes. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the handling of social conflicts has been sectoral and reactive, and has not optimally involved various stakeholders. The Pentahelix collaboration model involving the government, academics, the business sector, the community, and the media has proven to have the potential to increase the effectiveness of latent conflict management through an early detection system, multi-stakeholder coordination, and community participation. Integration with the community protection system strengthens the role of the community as the main actor in maintaining social stability. The results of the study resulted in an innovation in the form of a Pentahelix-based social conflict Early Warning System model that is able to detect potential conflicts early on in a collaborative manner. This model is expected to be a preventive strategy in maintaining public peace and order in a sustainable manner.

Reconstruction of Digital Constitutionalism in the Indonesian Constitutional System: Protection of Citizens’ Constitutional Rights in the Era of Digital Platform Domination Wiredarme
International Journal of Scientific Research Vol. 2 No. 03 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Hisnul Muslim Lombok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62894/vt15tc93

This study aims to reconstruct digital constitutionalism within the Indonesian constitutional system in response to the increasing dominance of digital platforms over citizens’ constitutional rights. The study addresses the problem that freedom of expression, privacy, equality, access to information, democratic participation, and procedural fairness are increasingly exercised within privately governed digital infrastructures. This research uses a qualitative legal method with a normative-juridical approach. It applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches by examining the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, human rights law, electronic information regulation, personal data protection law, relevant policy documents, and recent scholarly literature on digital constitutionalism, platform governance, and algorithmic accountability. The findings show that Indonesia’s digital legal framework remains fragmented and has not yet formed an integrated constitutional architecture for protecting citizens from both state power and private digital platform power. Digital platforms have acquired constitutional significance because they regulate speech, data, visibility, access, and participation through content moderation, algorithmic systems, and data-driven governance. This study proposes a hybrid model of digital constitutionalism that connects constitutional rights, state obligations, platform responsibilities, algorithmic accountability, due process, and effective remedies. The contribution of this study lies in placing the Indonesian Constitution at the centre of digital rights protection and offering a rights-based framework for governing platform power in Indonesia’s democratic constitutional order.

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