Rizki Satria Nugraha
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

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Female Representation in Vocational School Leadership in West Java, Indonesia: A Quantitative Descriptive Study Rizki Satria Nugraha; Aan Komariah; Taufani Chusnul Kurniatun; Abubakar Abubakar; Sururi Sururi
Jurnal Pendidikan Terapan Vol 4, No 2 May (2026)
Publisher : Sakura Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61255/jupiter.v4i2.1155

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to describe female representation in vocational school leadership in West Java, Indonesia, particularly in male-dominated vocational fields, and to examine how female and male leaders differ in their perceptions of glass ceiling barriers and stereotype-based pressure. Methods: The study employed a quantitative descriptive design using a cross-sectional survey conducted from 1 to 5 April 2026. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 educational leaders from 40 public and private vocational high schools in West Java. The respondents consisted of headmasters, vice principals, and heads of vocational programs. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and percentage-point gaps to identify patterns of leadership representation and perceived gender-based barriers. Findings: The findings show that women remain substantially underrepresented in vocational school leadership, with only 23 female leaders or 19.2% of the total respondents, compared with 97 male leaders or 80.8%. Female representation was lowest in mechanics, automotive, industrial machinery, information technology, and construction. Female leaders also reported higher perceptions of glass ceiling barriers and stereotypical pressure than male leaders, indicating that gender inequality is reflected not only in leadership composition but also in organizational experiences. Research Implications: The study implies that vocational schools and education authorities need to strengthen gender-responsive leadership recruitment, promotion, mentoring, and succession systems. Periodic gender audits and professional development programs are also needed to reduce hidden barriers and challenge stereotypes related to technical competence, authority, and leadership suitability. Originality: This study contributes to the literature by providing a descriptive empirical mapping of female leadership representation within gender-associated vocational school environments in Indonesia. Its originality lies in connecting women’s leadership distribution with perceived glass ceiling barriers and stereotype-based pressure in male-dominated vocational fields, an area that remains underexplored in Indonesian vocational education research.
Female Representation in Vocational High School Leadership and Organizational Productivity: A Narrative Study of Women Principals in Gender-Associated School Environments in West Java, Indonesia Introduction Rizki Satria Nugraha; Aan Komariah; Taufani Chusnul Kurniatun; Abubakar Abubakar; Sururi Sururi
Journal of Vocational, Informatics and Computer Education Vol 4, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Academic Bright Collaboration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66053/voice.v4i2.831

Abstract

Purpose – This study examines how female representation in vocational high school leadership contributes to organizational productivity in gender-associated school environments in West Java, Indonesia. It explores how women principals construct legitimacy, negotiate gendered expectations, enact relational leadership, and support coordination, trust, discipline, communication, and program continuity. Methods – Using a qualitative narrative inquiry design, this study involved six female vocational high school principals selected through criterion-based purposive sampling. Participants held formal principalship positions, had sufficient leadership experience, and led schools where gendered assumptions appeared in fields such as mechanics, automotive, or patisserie. Data were collected through semi-structured narrative interviews and analyzed through repeated reading, narrative coding, cross-case comparison, and thematic interpretation. Findings – Four themes emerged. Leadership legitimacy as a burden of continuous proof shows that women principals repeatedly demonstrated competence and authority to gain recognition. Adaptive relational leadership as organizational coordination indicates that communication, listening, persuasion, and trust-based cooperation strengthened school functioning. Female leadership as representational transformation reveals how women principals challenged gendered assumptions about authority and expanded leadership possibilities. Female leadership as a contributor to institutional productivity shows that women principals supported coordination, communication, discipline, supportive climates, and program continuity. Research Implications – Female leadership should be viewed as both an equality concern and an organizational resource. However, this study is limited by its small sample, West Java context, reliance on narratives, and qualitative interpretation of productivity. Originality: Unlike prior Indonesian studies emphasizing barriers and underrepresentation, this study provides a productivity-oriented narrative account of women principals in gender-associated vocational school environments.