Sara Puspita
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung

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The Relationship between Hypercholesterolemia and Hyperuricemia, Elevated Body Mass Index, and Hypertension in Climacteric Women Ismawati; Sara Puspita; Regina Cintya Darajat; Fitri Rahmawati
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): Accredited Sinta 2
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v13i3.8768

Abstract

The climacteric phase marks the transition from perimenopause to postmenopause, which is triggered by ovarian aging and declining estrogenic levels. During this phase, women face an increased risk of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among total cholesterol and uric acid levels, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure among climacteric women residing in the Tamansari Public Health Centre area, Bandung City. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using purposive sampling in the Tamansari Public Health Centre area, Bandung City, during October 2024. A total of 66 climacteric women aged over 42 years, without prior diagnoses of metabolic disorders and not receiving related treatments, were included. Data collection comprised anthropometric measurements, self-reported menstrual status, and capillary blood examinations of total cholesterol and uric acid levels using a standardized point-of-care testing (POCT) device. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl, hyperuricemia as serum uric acid ≥6 mg/dl, elevated BMI as ≥25 kg/m2, and hypertension as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, with p<0.05 considered significant. The mean age of participants was 49.6±4.7 years. Mean total cholesterol was 215±44 mg/dl, serum uric acid 6.1±1.6 mg/dl, BMI 27.3±4.9 kg/m2, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure 128±16 / 81±10 mmHg. No significant associations were found between hypercholesterolemia and hyperuricemia (p=0.999), elevated BMI (p=0.159), or hypertension (p=0.275). This study concludes that hypercholesterolemia was not significantly associated with hyperuricemia, elevated BMI, or hypertension among climacteric women in the Tamansari Public Health Centre area of Bandung City.
Association of Hematocrit and HbA1c as Indicators of Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Yuke Andriane; Sara Puspita; Ratna Damailia; Fajar Awalia Yulianto
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Accredited Sinta 2
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v14i2.8985

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that can damage various organs, including the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and nerves. Diagnosing DM typically involves assessing blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which reflects average glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months. HbA1c testing has limitations, including interference from red blood cell lifespan, relatively high costs, and limited availability in some laboratories in Indonesia. Hematology parameters are crucial for diagnosis, including hematocrit, which is associated with blood viscosity, inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia. These conditions are closely associated with the clinical state of Diabetes mellitus. This research aims to analyze the association between hematocrit and HbA1c to identify alternative tests for predicting glycemic status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 603 patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes who visited the outpatient department at Al Islam Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019, selected through total sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess the association between hematocrit and HbA1c, adjusting for confounders. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean hematocrit level is 41.23±6.21, and HbA1c is 7.87±2.49. The results demonstrated a positive association between increased hematocrit and increased HbA1c, although the effect size is small and statistically insignificant after adjusting for age and sex (β=0.03; 95% CI=−0.004, 0.06; p=0.08; adjusted R-squared=0.004), where an increase of 1 unit of hematocrit is associated with a rise of 0.03 units of HbA1c in this study. In conclusion, hematocrit levels cannot yet serve as a substitute for HbA1c for assessing a patient’s glycemic status.