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All Journal Jurnal Karya Pendidikan Matematika Jurnal Ilmiah Edutic : Pendidikan dan Informatika
Gavrila Nathania
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Computer Science & IT Education Mathematics

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Analysis of Students’ Errors in Solving Probability Problems Based on Kastolan’s Theory of Error Classification at Wesley Private Junior High School Mastri Angely Sitanggang; Najwa Azzahra; Sevrianna Simarmata; Tiara Rezeki Simamora; Gavrila Nathania; Kairuddin .
Jurnal Karya Pendidikan Matematika Vol 13, No 1 (2026): Jurnal Karya Pendidikan Matematika Volume 13 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jkpm.13.1.2026.123-133

Abstract

This study aims to analyze student errors in solving probability problems based on the classification of errors according to Kastolan's theory, which includes conceptual, procedural, and technical errors. This study used a qualitative, descriptive approach. The subjects were 25 ninth-grade students at Wesley Private Junior High School who had studied probability. Data collection techniques were conducted through written tests and interviews. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students still make various errors in solving probability problems, including errors in understanding basic concepts, inaccuracies in formulating solution steps, and calculation errors. Conceptual errors occur due to a lack of understanding of the definition and formula of probability, procedural errors are caused by a lack of systematic solution steps, while technical errors are caused by a lack of accuracy in calculations. These findings indicate that students' understanding of probability still needs to be improved. Therefore, more effective learning strategies are needed to minimize student errors in solving probability problems.
Improving Students' Mathematical Representation Skills through a STEM-Integrated Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model on Inverse Proportionality Material Mastri Angely Br. Sitanggang; Najwa Azzahra; Sevrianna Simarmata; Tiara Rezeki Simamora; Anisah Larasati; Gavrila Nathania; Kholishoh Humairoh Lubis
EDUTIC Vol 13, No 1: 2026
Publisher : Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/edutic.v13i1.34548

Abstract

This study aims to determine the improvement of students’ mathematical representation ability after the implementation of the STEM-integrated Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on inverse proportion material. This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design using the One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research subjects consisted of 28 seventh-grade students of Amir Hamzah National Education Junior High School. The research instrument was a descriptive test of mathematical representation ability administered before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the average pretest score increased from 9.29 to 28.93 in the posttest after the implementation of the STEM-integrated PBL model. In addition, the average N-Gain score obtained was 0.28, which was categorized as low improvement. The results of the paired sample t-test also indicated a significant difference between students’ pretest and posttest scores after the treatment (p 0.05). These findings indicate that the STEM-integrated PBL model had a positive effect on students’ mathematical representation ability. The improvement was reflected in students’ ability to present mathematical ideas visually, symbolically, and verbally after participating in the learning process. In addition, the STEM-integrated PBL model encouraged students to be more active in discussions, collaboration, and solving contextual problems, making learning more meaningful. Therefore, the STEM-integrated PBL model can be used as an alternative mathematics learning model that is active and student-centered.
Co-Authors Anisah Larasati Kairuddin . Kholishoh Humairoh Lubis Mastri Angely Br. Sitanggang Mastri Angely Sitanggang Najwa Azzahra Sevrianna Simarmata Tiara Rezeki Simamora