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All Journal Civil Engineering Journal
Dian Eksana Wibowo
1) Doctoral Study Program in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia. 2) Department of Civil Engineering and Planning Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Pullout Capacity of Small-Scale Jack-Like Ground Anchor in Sand with Various Relative Density Dian Eksana Wibowo; Yusep Muslih Purwana; Bambang Setiawan; Galuh Chrismaningwang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-018

Abstract

The pullout behavior of ground anchors in sand is governed by inter-particle friction and mechanical interlocking; however, conventional designs often fail to fully mobilize the surrounding failure zone, resulting in limited uplift capacity. To address this limitation, a jack-like ground anchor was developed, incorporating mechanically expandable wings to increase the soil–anchor contact area and enhance shear resistance. Laboratory pullout tests were conducted in a cylindrical steel tank to investigate the influence of relative density (Dr = 27%, 50%, 80%), embedment depth (H = 0.50–1.00 m), and wing opening angle (0°–75°) on the anchor’s performance. Test results interpreted using the Mazurkiewicz method revealed that increasing wing expansion and soil density substantially improved pullout resistance. In medium-dense sand, capacity increased by up to 250%, and in dense sand, up to 220%, depending on embedment depth. At the deepest embedment and densest condition, capacity increased from 6 kN (closed) to 16 kN (fully opened). These findings confirm that integrating geometric adaptability with soil density optimization significantly enhances uplift efficiency, providing a novel and practical solution for improving anchor performance in granular soils.
Co-Authors Bambang Setiawan Galuh Chrismaningwang Yusep Purwana Muslih