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All Journal Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics
Yunidar Yunidar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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CNN-Based Facial Image Analysis for Pediatric Down Syndrome Classification Yunidar Yunidar; Inda Mariana Harahap; Melinda Melinda; Rosmawinda Rosmawinda; Nurlida Basir; Aufa Rafiki; Imam Fathur Rahman
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 8 No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v8i2.1523

Abstract

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in distinctive developmental facial characteristics and intellectual delays. Early detection is crucial to enable timely medical intervention. However, conventional diagnostic procedures still rely on clinical observation and genetic testing, which can be invasive and expensive. This study proposes a facial image–based classification system for detecting Down syndrome using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach. Seven CNN architectures were evaluated, namely EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, ResNet34, ShuffleNetV2, AlexNet, VGG19, and InceptionV3, under two training scenarios: with and without early stopping. The dataset consisted of 1,000 facial images of children with and without Down syndrome, split into training, validation, and test sets at 60:20:20. Face detection was performed using the Haar Cascade Classifier, followed by data augmentation techniques including rotation, zoom, translation, horizontal flipping, and Gaussian noise to improve model generalization and reduce overfitting. Experimental results show that the VGG19 architecture achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 94.5%, precision of 91.59%, recall of 98%, and an F1-score of 94.69%. A one-way ANOVA test yielded an F-value of 0.003 and a p-value of 0.955 (> 0.05), indicating no statistically significant difference between models trained with and without early stopping. Grad-CAM visualization highlighted key facial regions, namely the eyes, nose, and mouth, as the primary contributors to classification, while analysis using 68 facial landmark points revealed distinctive morphological patterns associated with Down syndrome. The integration of CNN models, Grad-CAM visualization, and facial landmark analysis demonstrates a promising, interpretable, and non-invasive approach to supporting early Down syndrome screening using facial images
Automated Z-Score Based Nutritional Status Classification for Children Under Two Using Smart Sensor System Yunidar Yunidar; Melinda Melinda; Rina Ridara; Nurlida Basir
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i4.111

Abstract

The classification of nutritional status in children under two years old is crucial for monitoring growth and early detection of nutritional problems. However, in many healthcare facilities, this classification is still performed manually, requiring relatively long processing times and being prone to human error in both measurement and data recording. The problem addressed in this study is the inefficiency and potential inaccuracy of manual nutritional status classification in toddlers. This research aims to develop an automatic and digital device capable of measuring body length and weight and classifying nutritional status in children under two years old efficiently, accurately, and in real time. The device utilizes electronic sensors integrated with a microcontroller to streamline the process and reduce measurement error. The main contribution of this study is the design and realization of a portable automation device that integrates an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for measuring body length and a 50 kg full-bridge load cell sensor for measuring body weight, both controlled by an ATmega328P microcontroller. The device processes the data measurement digitally, displays the results on a 20 × 4 LCD, and provides a printed copy via a thermal printer, enhancing the data recording efficiency. The method involves the design of hardware circuits, sensor calibration, software programming using the C language in the Arduino IDE, and performance testing of the device by comparing its results to standard measuring instruments. The device’s performance is evaluated based on measurement error percentage and precision level. The results demonstrate that the device achieved an error percentage of 1.26% for body length measurement and 0.98% for body weight measurement. The overall system error is recorded at 0.5%, with a precision level ranging from ±0.08 to ±0.4.
MEWT-Enhanced EEGNet for ASD EEG Classification: Performance Evaluation with k-Fold Cross-Validation Imam Fathur Rahman; Melinda Melinda; Yunidar Yunidar; Nurlida Basir; Aufa Rafiki
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v8i1.313

Abstract

Accurate and reliable classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains challenging due to the inherently nonstationary, nonlinear, and multichannel nature of EEG data. These properties complicate the extraction of discriminative features that are both stable and computationally efficient. To address this challenge, this study proposes a compact deep-learning pipeline that integrates the Multivariate Empirical Wavelet Transform (MEWT) with EEGNet for ASD–EEG classification. MEWT decomposes multichannel EEG signals into spectrally aligned subbands while preserving inter-channel relationships. The resulting MEWT-based features are then processed by EEGNet, a lightweight convolutional neural network specifically designed for EEG-based learning tasks. Performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. The proposed MEWT with the the EEGNet model achieved a mean test accuracy of 98.35%, with consistently high precision (98.23%), recall (98.45%), F1-score (98.34%), and specificity (98.24%) across all folds. Confusion-matrix results indicated very few and well-balanced false positives and false negatives, supporting stable discrimination between ASD and control EEG segments. A one-sample one-tailed t-test against a 50% chance level confirmed that all evaluated metrics were significantly above chance (p < 0.0001). When benchmarked against previously reported results on the same dataset, the proposed approach slightly improved upon EMD with EEGNet (97.99%) and clearly outperformed EWT with EEGNet (95.08%), suggesting that MEWT-derived multichannel features are well matched to compact convolutional architectures for ASD–EEG analysis. Despite these strong results, the study is limited by a small, single-site cohort and the use of a single deep-learning model. Future work will focus on standardized retraining across multiple feature families and validation on larger and more diverse populations to further assess robustness and generalizability
Co-Authors . Melinda Aufa Rafiki Imam Fathur Rahman Inda Mariana Harahap Nurlida Basir Rina Ridara Rosmawinda Rosmawinda