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All Journal AT-TAFAHUM: Journal of Islamic Law Alibbaa': Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab ISNU Nine-Star Multidisciplinary Journal (INS9MJ)
Hairul Anam
International Islamic University Malaysia
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The Relevance of the Concept of Hirabah to Organized Crime and Modern Terrorism Hairul Anam; Ahmad Rifai Yoga; Nadilah Andini; Wenni Nahdiani Tanjung; Suci Hidayati Malau
ISNU Nine-Star Multidisciplinary Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): ISNU Nine Star Mei
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/ins9mj.v3i1.1325

Abstract

This study examines the relevance of the concept of hirābah in Islamic criminal law to contemporary organized crime and terrorism. Historically, hirābah addresses acts of open violence that threaten public security, instill fear, and disrupt social order, with sanctions aimed at protecting life, property, and communal stability. Using a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach, the study analyzes classical fiqh texts, contemporary scholarship, and comparative legal frameworks to explore the elements, characteristics, and objectives of hirābah. The findings reveal substantial conceptual alignment between classical hirābah and modern forms of collective violence, as both involve deliberate acts that destabilize society and generate widespread fear. However, contemporary crimes exhibit complex ideological, transnational, and technological dimensions requiring normative adaptation. The study concludes that while hirābah provides a valuable legal and sociological framework, its application to modern criminality necessitates contextual reconstruction, integrating Islamic jurisprudence with national and international legal systems for effective prevention, deterrence, and public security.
Basic Human Rights Instruments in the Perspective of International and National Law Maslathif Dwi Purnomo; Hairul Anam
AT-TAFAHUM: Journal of Law Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sumatera Utara Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/attafahum.v8i2.29029

Abstract

Human rights are fundamental rights inherent to every individual by virtue of being human and constitute the foundation of justice, equality, and human dignity. The protection and promotion of these rights require comprehensive legal instruments at both the international and national levels to ensure their effective implementation. This study aims to examine the fundamental instruments of human rights, analyze their legal foundations, and evaluate the mechanisms for human rights protection and enforcement in Indonesia. The research employs a normative legal approach based on literature review, utilizing secondary data derived from legal documents, scholarly publications, and relevant legal theories. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through a systematic examination of international and national legal frameworks. The findings reveal that human rights protection is supported by two principal categories of legal instruments: international instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW); and national instruments, including the 1945 Constitution, Pancasila, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and other relevant legislation. Indonesia has also established specialized institutions, such as the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), the Human Rights Court, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan), and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), to strengthen human rights enforcement. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, including weaknesses in law enforcement, institutional effectiveness, and the protection of vulnerable groups. Therefore, strengthening legal institutions, harmonizing international and national human rights standards, and enhancing the capacity of enforcement agencies are essential to ensuring comprehensive and effective human rights protection in Indonesia.
Legal Protection for Female Workers from the Perspective of Employment Law Hairul Anam; Yodha Mufarid Hidayat
AT-TAFAHUM: Journal of Law Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sumatera Utara Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/attafahum.v9i1.29207

Abstract

This study examines legal protection for female workers in Indonesia using descriptive qualitative methods through a literature review. The results indicate that protection is regulated in Law No. 13 of 2003, which provides special rights such as maternity leave, breastfeeding rights, and work hour regulations to prevent discrimination. However, in practice, obstacles remain, such as discrimination, weak oversight, and low legal awareness. Therefore, strengthened law enforcement, outreach, and affirmative action policies are needed to achieve fairness in the workplace
Master's Students' Perceptions of Instagram for Self-Directed Arabic Learning in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Hairul Anam; Sanja Dimyati
Alibbaa': Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Special Issue 2026 Vol. 01 | Artificial Intelligence in Arabic Language Education: Pedagogy, Media,
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/ajpba.vi.25717

Abstract

The increasing use of social media has created new opportunities for self-directed language learning beyond formal classrooms. However, little is known about how postgraduate students perceive Instagram as a medium for self-directed Arabic language learning. This study explores master's students' perceptions of Instagram and identifies its perceived benefits and challenges. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed involving master's students in the Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers program at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that students generally perceive Instagram positively because it provides flexible access to authentic learning resources, promotes continuous language exposure, and supports learner autonomy. The platform also enhances vocabulary development, listening skills, motivation, and learning flexibility. Nevertheless, digital distractions, fragmented learning content, and varying content quality remain significant challenges, highlighting the importance of self-regulation and digital literacy. This study demonstrates that Instagram's educational value lies in fostering learner autonomy and provides practical insights for integrating social media into Arabic language learning in the AI era.
Co-Authors Ahmad Rifai Yoga Maslathif Dwi Purnomo Nadilah Andini Sanja Dimyati Suci Hidayati Malau Wenni Nahdiani Tanjung Yodha Mufarid Hidayat