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All Journal IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature
Ruly Indra Darmawan
English Literature, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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The Self in Transition: Identity Formation and Crisis in Sally Rooney’s Normal People Kirana Auliarally Arsyanti; Ruly Indra Darmawan
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.10131

Abstract

This study explores the formation and crisis experienced by the main characters, Connell and Marianne, in Sally Rooney's novel Normal People. The problem in this study focuses on how external social pressures and domestic trauma cause the fracture of the subject's identity. Drawing on Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, specifically the three orders (Imaginary, Symbolic, and the Real), this study employs a descriptive-qualitative method with a literary psychoanalytic approach. The results of the study show that both characters exhibit eccentric identity formation, in which each character's feelings depend entirely on external validation from the Symbolic Order. Connell's crisis is triggered by the destruction of his social status, which causes the failure of the symbolic or automaton function. Meanwhile, for Marianne, this crisis is a cycle of self-deprecation, caused by unprocessed trauma that eventually settles in the realm of reality, which feels foreign and cannot be symbolized through language. This finding concludes that, if others fail to provide a stable label to the subject, the subject's identity is vulnerable to collapse. This study emphasizes that identity is often a fragile construct maintained through uncertain recognition of the external environment.
A Marxist Critique of Power and Social Class in The Great Gatsby Mauliana Tri Rusmawati; Ruly Indra Darmawan
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.10201

Abstract

This study analyzes how F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the class contrast between Jay Gatsby and Tom Buchanan in The Great Gatsby to critique capitalist power and social class structures. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using text analysis techniques to examine words, phrases, sentences, and dialogues obtained through close reading. The analysis is grounded in Karl Marx’s Marxist theory, particularly the concepts of class struggle, capital accumulation, and ideological domination. The results of the study indicate that Fitzgerald constructs a sharp contrast between old money and new money through spatial division (East Egg and West Egg), differences in the sources of wealth (inheritance and self-made wealth), ideological superiority, and unequal social consequences. Although Gatsby possesses significant economic capital, he lacks the social legitimacy and structural power of Tom Buchanan. These findings show that the dominant class maintains its position not only through wealth ownership but also through inherited privileges, social recognition, and control over ideological norms. In contrast, individuals from the emerging class remain vulnerable to exclusion. Furthermore, the contrasting fates of the two figures highlight the structural protection afforded to the elite class. This study also demonstrates that interpersonal conflict serves as a micro-level representation of capitalist power, thereby revealing the limitations of social mobility within the capitalist system.
Co-Authors Kirana Auliarally Arsyanti Mauliana Tri Rusmawati