Hiba Adam
Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates

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Distribution of maternal and child characteristics based on stunting status among children under five years in a primary health care setting Nursindia A Sugoro; Jumriani Ansar; Eny Qurniyawati; Hiba Adam
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 42 No 05 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v42i05.28331

Abstract

Purpose: Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly among children under five, as it is linked to impaired growth and developmental outcomes. This study aimed to describe the distribution of maternal and child characteristics according to stunting status in a primary health care setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children under 5 years of age (0–59 months) using systematic random sampling (n = 110). Data were collected through structured interviews with mothers and supplemented by health center records. Stunting status was determined using height-for-age z-scores from the 2020 Primary Health Care Center report, in accordance with standard child growth monitoring practices. A bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was conducted to examine crude associations between maternal and child characteristics and stunting. Results: Stunting was more common among children whose mothers had lower nutritional knowledge, lower educational attainment, and shorter maternal height. A higher proportion of stunting was also observed among children with a history of infectious diseases and those with limited access to health services. Maternal nutritional knowledge, maternal education, maternal height, history of infectious diseases, and access to health services were statistically associated with stunting (p < 0.05), while household income was not (p = 0.094). Conclusion: Several maternal and child characteristics were statistically associated with stunting at the bivariate level. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening maternal education, nutrition counseling, infection prevention, and access to primary health care services. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously as they reflect crude associations rather than independent effects.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal healthcare utilization in Ngawi regency, Indonesia: an interrupted time-series analysis Eny Qurniyawati; Levi Nadila Putri; Dinda Ardanila; Ririh; Yasmin Nuriyah Rahmadani; Erni Astutik; Hiba Adam; Linda Andriani
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 42 No 02 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v42i02.28305

Abstract

Purpose: The burden of COVID-19 threatened the health system and reversed gains in healthcare services. It led to significant disruptions in access and delivery of maternal healthcare. In consequence, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Ngawi Regency is 276.9 per 100,000 live births, surpassing the MMR for East Java, and the coverage of maternal health indicators has declined during the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal healthcare in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. Methods: An Interrupted Time-Series (ITS) design was used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the outcome variable, the number of women who utilized maternal healthcare services. Data were collected from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2021. An interrupted-time series analysis was conducted using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Results: A significant decline of 54 women (95% CI -80.45 to -27.06) in fourth maternal healthcare utilization at pandemic onset. The following reductions were also observed in health-facility delivery and postnatal care utilization: 66 women (95% CI: -112.04 to -20.51) and 106 women (95% CI: -184.60 to -26.49); however, no significant changes in first antenatal care or obstetric-complication treatment at pandemic onset. The statistically significant reductions in fourth antenatal care, health-facility delivery, and postnatal care utilization were 3 (95% CI: -5.14 to -1.67), 7 (95% CI: -11.66 to -1.85), and 11 (95% CI: -15.50 to -5.51) women, respectively. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the fourth antenatal care, health facility delivery, and postpartum care in Ngawi Regency. The disruption due to mobility restrictions, a shift in focus and health resources towards combating COVID-19, and a decrease in the frequency of antenatal care visits.