Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.562
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC) International Journal of Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (IJEELSC)
Mohamad Zulman Hakim
Accounting Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Indonesia
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Published : 3 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 3 Documents
Search

 1 
THE EFFECT OF AUDIT TENURE, TAX MINIMIZATION, AND DEBT COVENANT ON TRANSFER PRICING Nabilah Aulia Azmi; Mohamad Zulman Hakim; Putri Rahayu; Reni Nasiatul Hamidah
International Journal of Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (IJEELSC) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. ZILLZELL MEDIA PRIMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61990/w57txb24

Abstract

This study examines the influence of audit tenure, tax minimization, and debt covenants on transfer pricing practices in industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. A quantitative research approach was employed using secondary data from companies’ annual reports and financial statements. Through purposive sampling, 18 companies were selected, yielding 72 firm-year observations. Data were analyzed using panel data regression with EViews 12. Model selection tests, including the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test, indicated that the Random Effects Model was the most appropriate estimation method. The findings show that transfer pricing is positively and significantly influenced by audit tenure, suggesting that longer auditor–client relationships enhance auditors’ ability to monitor and identify related-party transactions. Conversely, transfer pricing is negatively affected by tax minimization, proxied by the effective tax rate, and debt covenants, measured by the debt-to-equity ratio. Collectively, audit tenure, tax minimization, and debt covenants simultaneously influence transfer pricing, although the adjusted R-squared value of 12.16% indicates that transfer pricing practices are largely explained by factors outside the model. These findings offer insights for regulators and companies regarding the importance of auditor oversight in promoting transparency and compliance in related-party transactions.
TAX MINIMIZATION, PROFITABILITY, AND TRANSFER PRICING: A TRIPLE NEXUS IN CONSUMER NON-CYCLICAL COMPANIES Mohamad Zulman Hakim; Nursifah; Shella Nurhaliza; Anindia Vegi Aurora; Nabila Rahmawati
International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC) Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): August
Publisher : ZILLZELL MEDIA PRIMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61990/ijamesc.v4i4.856

Abstract

This study examines the influence of tax expense, bonus mechanism, tunneling incentive, debt covenant, and firm size on transfer pricing, with tax minimization as a moderating variable and profitability as a mediating variable, in consumer non-cyclicals sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. The study is motivated by the increasing prevalence of transfer pricing practices in the consumer non-cyclicals sector and the inconsistent findings of previous research regarding the determinants of related-party transactions. The sample consists of 655 firm-year observations obtained from 131 consumer non-cyclicals companies selected using purposive sampling. Panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that bonus mechanism and tunneling incentive have a positive and significant effect on transfer pricing, while debt covenant and firm size have a negative and significant effect. Tax expense does not significantly influence transfer pricing. Furthermore, tax minimization moderates the relationships between bonus mechanism, tunneling incentive, and debt covenant with transfer pricing, but does not moderate the relationships between tax expense and firm size with transfer pricing. Profitability mediates only the relationship between debt covenant and transfer pricing. The model explains 85.19% of the variation in transfer pricing. These findings suggest that managerial incentives, ownership structure, contractual obligations, and firm characteristics play significant roles in shaping transfer pricing behavior, while profitability serves as a transmission mechanism through which debt covenants influence transfer pricing decisions in the consumer non-cyclicals sector.
AUDIT QUALITY AS MODERATOR AND PROFITABILITY AS MEDIATOR: A DUAL-PROCESS MODEL OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS DETERMINANTS IN INDONESIAN PROPERTY SECTOR Mohamad Zulman Hakim; Bamidele Vincent Olawale; Dilla Aisyah Putri; Fauzi Zadida; Viany Puri Handayani; Dinar Indah Cahyani
International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC) Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): August
Publisher : ZILLZELL MEDIA PRIMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61990/ijamesc.v4i4.857

Abstract

This study examines the determinants of financial distress in Indonesian property and real estate companies, with audit quality as a moderating variable and profitability as a mediating variable. The study is motivated by the vulnerability of the property sector to macroeconomic shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2022), high inflation (2023), and interest rate hikes (2024), which have collectively intensified financial pressure on firms. The sample consists of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021–2024, selected using purposive sampling. Panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the Random Effect Model (REM) were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that leverage and earnings management significantly increase financial distress, while liquidity, sales growth, and tax avoidance show no significant direct effect. Furthermore, audit quality moderates the relationship between liquidity and financial distress, as well as tax avoidance and financial distress, but does not moderate the effects of leverage, sales growth, or earnings management. Profitability mediates only the relationship between earnings management and financial distress, suggesting that firms with higher profitability are better able to offset the negative impact of earnings manipulation on financial stability. These findings suggest that maintaining balanced leverage and transparent reporting practices are crucial to avoid financial distress, particularly in capital-intensive sectors such as property and real estate.
Co-Authors Anindia Vegi Aurora Bamidele Vincent Olawale Dilla Aisyah Putri Dinar Indah Cahyani Fauzi Zadida Nabila Rahmawati Nabilah Aulia Azmi Nursifah Putri Rahayu Reni Nasiatul Hamidah Shella Nurhaliza Viany Puri Handayani