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Combination of Alginate and Ginger Oil as Edible Coating Formulation for Reducing Pathogenic Bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei Amal, Ikhlasul; Yudiati, Ervia; Sedjati, Sri; Ighwerb, Mostafa Imhmed
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 28, No 4 (2023): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.28.4.313-320

Abstract

Litopenaeus vannamei is a world trade commodity that has a high economic value but is easily degraded. To maintain the quality, post-harvest peeled shrimp needs to be coated. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of adding edible coatings with a formulation of alginate and ginger oil combination as a natural preservative for shrimp. The research method used was laboratory experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were additional peeled shrimp with different concentrations of alginate, i.e. 0 g, 1.5 g, and 3.0 g with two repetitions. The addition of 100 ml aquadest, 4 g CaCl2, 15 mL glycerol, and 1.5 mL of ginger oil was administered in every treatment. Total Plate Counts (TPC), Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae were determined in initial condition, 3rd, and 6th days after the storage time in a 40C refrigerator.  The edible film test with 5 repetitions, including thickness, tensile strength, and break elongation. The results on TPC (5.00 x 105 CFU.g-1) and TPC of V. cholerae (Negative.25 g-1) show that all the treated shrimp meet the standard value (SNI 3457:2021) requirements. Most Probably Number of E. coli in alginate addition of 0 and 1.5 g i.e. <3 MPN.g-1 treatments, do not meet the requirements. The bacterial test and edible film mechanical properties showed that the addition of 3.0 g alginate was the most effective treatment compared to other treatments (α=0.05). A formulation of alginate and ginger oil combination is an effective edible coating for reducing the pathogenic bacteria of peeled shrimp L. vannamei.
The effect of chitosan addition on the tensile strength characteristics of carrageenan from Eucheuma spinosum Margareta, Tanti; Ningsih, Ellis Nurjuliasti; Hendri, Muhammad; Amal, Ikhlasul
Journal of Marine Resources and Coastal Management Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29080/mrcm.v7i1.2432

Abstract

The accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic waste and its detrimental effects on the environment underscore the imperative to develop sustainable packaging alternatives, such as edible films. In this study, the incorporation of chitosan was investigated to enhance the mechanical properties of an edible film based on carrageenan extracted from the seaweed Eucheuma spinosum. The carrageenan was extracted from E. spinosum cultivated in the coastal waters of Ketapang, Lampung, Indonesia and its yield and dry shrinkage were determined. Edible films were then fabricated by varying the concentrations of carrageenan and chitosan, with glycerol employed as a plasticiser. Characterisation included tensile strength testing, thickness measurement using a micrometer, and morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that tensile strength increased with the addition of chitosan up to an optimal concentration; beyond this point, further addition resulted in a decline in tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength achieved was 15.31 MPa, and film thickness ranged from 0.06 to 0.20 mm, thereby meeting the requirements of the JIS Z 1707:2019 standard. Morphological analysis revealed a smooth surface but a non-homogeneous particle distribution, suggesting that the mixing process was not yet fully optimised. Overall, the combination of carrageenan and chitosan significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of the edible film, indicating its potential as a safe, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly food-packaging material.
Analisis Spasial Perubahan Luas Mangrove Berbasis Citra Sentinel-2A di Delta Upang, Kabupaten Banyuasin Akhmad Tri Prasetyo; Hartoni Hartoni; Ikhlasul Amal; Risnita Tri Utami
Journal of Marine Research Vol 14, No 3 (2025): Journal of Marine Research
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v14i3.53021

Abstract

Delta Upang merupakan kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang mengalami perubahan signifikan akibat perluasan sektor perkebunan serta pertanian. Pengembangan algoritma untuk mendeteksi keberadaan mangrove terus dilakukan guna membedakannya dari vegetasi daratan. Penelitian ini menganalisis perubahan luasan mangrove di Delta Upang dengan memanfaatkan kombinasi algoritma NDVI dan NDMI. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan citra Sentinel-2A tahun 2016, 2020, dan 2024. Titik klasifikasi dipilih secara sistematis dengan interval 200 meter untuk keperluan validasi. Sebanyak 6581 titik klasifikasi divalidasi terhadap citra google earth dan dihitung tingkat akurasinya menggunakan matiks confusion. Hasil kombinasi NDVI dan NDMI terbukti cukup efektif dalam memetakan vegetasi mangrove, dengan akurasi mencapai PA 90%, UA 96,92%, OA 96,2%, dan F1 93,33%. Luas area mangrove mengalami penurunan di seluruh desa yang berada di Delta Upang. Penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh alih fungsi lahan menjadi area perkebunan. Tahun 2016 tercatat luas mangrove sebesar 2.857 hektar, berkurang menjadi 1.543 hektar pada 2020, dan terus menyusut hingga 1.013 hektar di tahun 2024. Desa Upang Makmur dan Sungsang IV menunjukkan penurunan luasan mangrove paling besar sepanjang periode pengamatan. Desa Sungai Semut tercatat mengalami laju degradasi mangrove paling tinggi selama periode yang sama. Sebaliknya, Desa Muara Baru dan Desa Tanjung Baru mengalami degradasi mangrove relatif rendah dibandingkan desa lainnya. Upaya restorasi lahan mangrove perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah tren penurunan lahan mangrove di Delta Upang kedepannya.
Antioxidant Activity of Stem, Fruit, and Leaf Extracts of Sonneratia ovata Mangrove Using the DPPH Method Ikhlasul Amal; Muhammad Hendri; Muhammad Yosi Prasetyo; Mohammad , Javad Hessami
BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24233/biov.11.2.2025.520

Abstract

Mangrove plants are a type of plant that is able to grow in brackish waters in different salinity conditions in the tropics so as to form a unique and distinctive ecosystem. One of the mangrove plants that live in Indonesian waters is the mangrove of the Sonneratia genus. Empirically, parts of the mangrove plant of the Sonneratia sp. species such as fruit, bark, and leaves have been widely used as traditional medicine by the community to treat various diseases and can be used as natural antioxidants that are good for the body. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the potential activity of antioxidant compounds from the stem, fruit, and leaf extract of mangrove S. ovata. The antioxidant activity test method used the DPPH method which was measured by the percentage of inhibition and IC₅₀ value. The results of antioxidant activity from several test concentrations of stem, fruit, and leaf extracts obtained a very high percentage of inhibition so that the antioxidant compounds contained in the three samples could reduce free radical activity. Fruit samples had the highest antioxidant potential with an IC₅₀ value of 4.59 ppm, followed by leaf samples at 25.39 ppm and stem samples at 45.91 ppm. Thus, mangroves of the S. ovata species have the potential as natural antioxidants that are good for the body and only require <50 ppm to reduce free radicals by 50%.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Bioaktif Daun Mangrove Sonneratia alba dan Rhizophora apiculata dari Pulau Payung, Banyuasin Ikhlasul Amal; Muhammad Hendri; Risnita Tri Utami; Ardy Andreas Bernard Kase; Nur Rizki Sari
Journal of Marine Research Vol 15, No 2 (2026): Journal of Marine Research
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v15i2.55719

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove dikenal sebagai sumber potensial senyawa bioaktif akibat kemampuannya beradaptasi terhadap kondisi lingkungan pesisir yang ekstrem. Fungsi biologis utama dari senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam mangrove adalah kemampuannya sebagai antioksidan dalam menetralisir radikal bebas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba dan Rhizophora apiculata yang dikoleksi dari ekosistem mangrove Pulau Payung, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui percobaan laboratorium yang meliputi pemilihan daun dewasa sebagai bahan uji, pengolahan awal sampel, ekstraksi melalui perendaman menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, serta evaluasi kemampuan antioksidan berdasarkan uji peredaman radikal bebas DPPH. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan perubahan warna larutan dan secara kuantitatif melalui pengukuran persentase penghambatan radikal bebas serta penentuan nilai IC₅₀. Analisis regresi linier digunakan sebagai dasar dalam perhitungan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak daun S. alba dan R. apiculata menunjukkan kemampuan peredaman radikal bebas DPPH pada seluruh konsentrasi yang diuji (50–1000 ppm), dengan tingkat aktivitas yang meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi. Secara kuantitatif, ekstrak daun S. alba menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 42,38 ppm (kategori sangat kuat), sedangkan ekstrak daun R. apiculata memiliki nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 88,61 ppm (kategori kuat). Perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan diduga berkaitan dengan variasi komposisi dan kadar senyawa bioaktif sebagai respons adaptif terhadap kondisi lingkungan pesisir. Dengan demikian, daun mangrove S. alba dan R. apiculata, khususnya S. alba, berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami berbasis potensi lokal yang berkelanjutan.Mangrove ecosystems are recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds due to their ability to adapt to extreme coastal environmental conditions. One of the primary biological functions of bioactive compounds found in mangroves is their antioxidant capacity to neutralize free radicals. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from S. alba  and R. apiculata collected from the mangrove ecosystem of Payung Island, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. The research was carried out through laboratory experiments, which included the selection of mature leaves as test materials, preliminary sample preparation, extraction by maceration using ethyl acetate as the solvent, and evaluation of antioxidant capacity based on the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Antioxidant activity was analyzed qualitatively through observable color changes in the solution and quantitatively by measuring the percentage of free radical inhibition and determining the IC₅₀ value. The results indicated that the leaf extracts of S. alba and R. apiculata exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity at all tested concentrations (50–1000 ppm), with activity increasing proportionally to concentration. Quantitatively, the leaf extract of S. alba demonstrated higher antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 42.38 ppm (very strong category), whereas the leaf extract of R. apiculata showed an IC₅₀ value of 88.61 ppm (strong category). The observed differences in antioxidant activity are presumed to be associated with variations in the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds as adaptive responses to coastal environmental conditions. Therefore, mangrove leaves of S. alba and R. apiculata, particularly S. alba, have the potential to be developed as sustainable, locally based sources of natural antioxidants.