Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.408
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Journal of Health and Physical
Ratno Susanto
Physical Education Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Nusa Cendana of University, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Hernia Nucleus Pulposus: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management – A Literature Review Luluk Hermawati; Maytia Pratiwisitha; Maulana Hasymi Hutabarat; Ghea Farmaning Thias Putri; Ratno Susanto; Omat Rachmat
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 5 No 13 (2026)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v5i13.101

Abstract

Background: Lumbar Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is a leading cause of low back pain and radicular symptoms that significantly impair functional capacity and quality of life. The condition arises from a complex interaction of biomechanical stress, inflammatory responses, and degenerative biological changes in the intervertebral disc. This article aims to comprehensively review current evidence on the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical management of lumbar HNP using a narrative literature review approach.. Methode: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and accredited national journals using the keywords “hernia nucleus pulposus,” “lumbar disc herniation,” “low back pain,” “pathophysiology,” and “clinical management.” Eligible articles were full-text publications in English or Indonesian published between 2015 and 2025, including original research, literature reviews, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines. Studies related to traumatic or non-lumbar disc herniation and those without full-text availability were excluded. Selected articles were analyzed descriptively and synthesized narratively. Results: The review indicates that lumbar HNP is a progressive degenerative disorder influenced by altered disc biomechanics, inflammatory cascades, and cellular aging. Major risk factors include advancing age, increased body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, and occupational exposure to heavy physical workload. Clinical management follows a stepwise strategy, prioritizing conservative therapy, while surgical intervention is reserved for selected cases. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and associated risk factors of lumbar HNP is essential to support evidence-based and individualized patient management.
Enhancing Physical Fitness and Health Awareness through a Preventive Health-Based Physical Education Model Ratno Susanto; Luluk Hermawati; Ekawati Rini Wulansa
Journal of Health and Physical Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : BALE LITERASI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/jhp.v2i1.2404

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive health-based physical education intervention model in improving students’ physical fitness and health awareness. The study employed a research and development (R&D) approach combined with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The development stages included needs analysis, model design, expert validation, limited trial, revision, field trial, pretest-posttest evaluation, and data analysis. A total of 30 students participated in the field trial. Data were collected using physical fitness tests, body mass index (BMI) measurements, healthy lifestyle behavior questionnaires, and observation sheets. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The results showed that the intervention model was effective in improving students’ physical fitness and health-related behavior. Students’ average physical fitness score increased from 64.5 at pretest to 78.2 at posttest, with an improvement of 13.7 points. Improvements were also found in all major fitness components, including the 12-minute run test (32.4 to 38.6), push-up (21.3 to 28.7 repetitions/minute), sit-up (24.8 to 31.5 repetitions/minute), sit and reach (21.6 to 26.9 cm), and shuttle run performance, which improved from 12.8 to 11.3 seconds. BMI distribution also changed positively, with the proportion of students in the normal category increasing from 57% to 70%. In addition, healthy lifestyle behavior scores improved across all assessed aspects, including awareness of physical activity, regular exercise habits, preventive health knowledge, and healthy lifestyle behavior. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest results, supported by a moderate N-gain and high effect size.In conclusion, the preventive health-based physical education intervention model was effective in improving students’ physical fitness, BMI status, and health awareness.
Co-Authors Ekawati Rini Wulansa Ghea Farmaning Thias Putri Luluk Hermawati Maulana Hasymi Hutabarat Maytia Pratiwisitha Omat Rachmat