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All Journal Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Science Midwifery
Adit Andriyannto
Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia, Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Utilization of bidara arab leaf extract (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) as an antibacterial agent and Its application in herbal liquid soap formulation Yola Desnera Putri; Septiya Hasanah; Sohadi Warya; Adit Andriyannto
Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): May: Health Science
Publisher : Institute Of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/jmn.v8i2.7141

Abstract

Bidara arab leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) are known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which contribute to their antibacterial activity. These secondary metabolites make bidara arab leaves a promising natural source for antibacterial agents. In this study, the ethanol extract of bidara arab leaves was utilized and applied in the formulation of herbal liquid soap. The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The extract was then evaluated for its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the extract was incorporated into a liquid soap formulation prepared using the hot process method. The evaluation of the formulation included organoleptic properties, pH, specific gravity, free alkali, total fatty acid, microbial contamination, viscosity, and foam stability according to SNI 06-4085-1996.The results showed that the extract yield was 12.59% with an MIC value of 5.5%, which inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but not Escherichia coli. The formulated liquid soap met most quality parameters, except for pH and free alkali. Additionally, antibacterial testing showed an inhibition zone of 10.59 mm, indicating that the formulation exhibited effective antibacterial activity.
Formulation and antibacterial activity of black mulberry fruit (Morus nigra L.) extract cream against cutibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis Yola Desnera Putri; Lisna Munawaroh; Ledianasari Ledianasari; Adit Andriyannto
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2338

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by sebum overproduction, abnormal keratinization, microbial proliferation, and inflammation, with Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis as key contributing bacteria. To reduce the side effects associated with conventional acne therapies, natural ingredients have been explored as alternative approaches. Black mulberry (Morus nigra) fruit is one such natural source known to contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which possess antibacterial properties. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a topical cream formulation containing ethanolic extract of black mulberry fruit and to assess its antibacterial activity and physicochemical stability. The extract was obtained through 96% ethanol maceration and formulated into creams at concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, while cream quality was assessed through organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and centrifugation stability. The results showed that the extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both tested bacteria. All concentrations demonstrated inhibition zones categorized as strong, with a concentration-dependent increase in activity. At 1.25% inhibition zones against P. acnes were 11.7 ± 0.25 m, while against S. epidermidis were 11.9 ± 0.20 mm at day 28. All formulations showed acceptable physicochemical characteristics and remained stable during 28 days of storage. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a stable topical cream formulation of M. nigra extract with confirmed antibacterial activity, providing a potential plant-based alternative for anti-acne therapy.
Co-Authors Ledianasari Ledianasari Lisna Munawaroh Septiya Hasanah Sohadi Warya Yola Desnera Putri