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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (Indones. J. Chem. Stud.)
M. Zuhnir Piliang
Department of Physics, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Chemistry

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Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Nanoplatelets/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites as a Military Radar Absorbing Material Anselmo Bima Rasendriya; Andri Hardiansyah; Gita Resty Amalia; Ismail Rahmadtullah; Andi Setiono; M. Zuhnir Piliang; Hotma Renta
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.69

Abstract

Stealth aircraft have the capability to intercept radar waves. One common technique involves the use of radar-absorbing materials (RAMs). This study focused on the synthesis of advanced lightweight functional materials derived from advanced carbon and semiconductor compounds for microwave absorbing through mechanical homogenization. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) possess excellent dielectric and magnetic loss capability due to their thermal conductivity, small particle size, large surface area, disordered structure, and lightweight nature. The GNP and ZnO were developed as advanced carbon and semiconductor nanocomposites using Planetary Ball Milling (PBM) at a ratio of 1:1. This approach aimed to improve the structure, morphology, and electromagnetic performance of the materials. A comparison between the nanocomposite materials and their precursors was conducted to clarify the advantages of using nanocomposites. FE-SEM showed the layered carbon sheets in GNP. XRD exhibited the alteration in the crystallite structure of ZnO, while FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of specific functional groups. In addition, the GNP/ZnO nanocomposites showed strong microwave polarization capabilities. Notably, the GNP/ZnO nanocomposite achieved the lowest RL value compared to the precursor materials with a value of -28.21 dB at 8.45 GHz and a thickness of 3 mm in the scope of X-band range. While the through power was calculated at 99.84%. Through mechanical homogenization, a well-structured disordered crystallite layered material was fabricated for military RAMs. In the industrial sector, GNP/ZnO nanocomposites showed promising potential as a lightweight and advanced functional material for future stealth aircraft applications.
Magnetite Functionalized on Graphene Nanoplatelets Surface as Radar Absorbing Matrix in X-Band Region Krisman Hans Tunggul Purba; Andri Hardiansyah; M. Zuhnir Piliang; Anisa Salsabila; Bintang Dwi Nur Rohmad; Riri Murniati
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Indones. J. Chem. Stud. June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v5i1.86

Abstract

The development of radar absorbing materials (RAM) is a crucial factor in advancing stealth technology, particularly in aerospace and defense sectors. In this study, a nanocomposite consisting of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and Ferrous-Ferric Oxide (Fe3O4 ) was successfully synthesized through a mechanical homogenization process using Planetary Ball Milling (PBM). This method was selected to ensure uniform dispersion of the magnetic Fe3O4 particles within the conductive GNP matrix, aiming to combine their respective magnetic and dielectric loss mechanisms for enhanced microwave absorption. Surface morphology observations revealed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were homogeneously embedded on the wrinkled surface of the GNP layers, forming a well-integrated nanostructure. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the Fe3O4 maintained its characteristic spinel cubic structure following synthesis. The composite exhibited a noticeable reduction in crystallite size and overall crystallinity, which is attributed to the mechanical impact during milling and the disordered nature of GNP. These structural modifications facilitate enhanced multiple scattering and interfacial polarization, which contribute to microwave attenuation. The electromagnetic absorbing performance showed that the GNP/Fe3O4 nanocomposite achieved a maximum reflection loss (RL) of –13.9 dB at 11.46 GHz with optimal absorber thicknesses of 3 mm and 5 mm. Additionally, the composite exhibited a high absorption efficiency of 99.48% (based on through power calculation), indicating excellent performance in the X-band frequency range. Overall, the results suggest that this GNP/Fe3O4 nanocomposite offers promising potential as a lightweight, cost-effective, and efficient RAM for stealth technology.
Co-Authors Andi Setiono Andri Hardiansyah Anisa Salsabila Anselmo Bima Rasendriya Bintang Dwi Nur Rohmad Gita Resty Amalia Hotma Renta Ismail Rahmadtullah Krisman Hans Tunggul Purba Riri Murniati