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All Journal Jurnal Riset Farmasi
Hanifa Rahma
Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Identifikasi Peptida Hidrolisat Protein Maggot Lalat Tentara Hitam (Black Soldier Fly) Syadza Syahida Zahra; Hanifa Rahma
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 5, No. 2, Desember 2025, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v5i2.8312

Abstract

Abstract. Maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens) is known as an alternative protein source with high protein content, making it a promising candidate for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to determine the highest yield produced from enzymatic hydrolysis using alkalase, pepsin, and trypsin, as well as to identify the resulting peptides using the SDS-PAGE method. The research procedures included dry maggot preparation, defatting, protein isolation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and peptide identification. The results showed that alkalase produced the highest hydrolysate yield at 23.78%, compared to pepsin and trypsin. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated differences in protein bands between samples before hydrolysis (8–270 kDa) and after hydrolysis, with molecular weights of approximately 30 kDa (HPEA), 45 kDa (HPEP), and 20 kDa (HPET), respectively. These results confirmed that the hydrolysis process successfully broke down the proteins into lower molecular weight peptides. In conclusion, alkalase, pepsin, and trypsin were proven effective in hydrolyzing maggot protein into peptides with lower molecular weights, which have potential to be developed as bioactive compounds. Abstrak. Maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens) diketahui merupakan sumber protein alternatif dengan kandungan protein tinggi yang berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan dalam bidang pangan dan farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rendemen tertinggi yang dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisis menggunakan enzim alkalase, pepsin, dan tripsin, serta mengidentifikasi peptida hasil hidrolisis menggunakan metode SDS-PAGE. Tahapan penelitian meliputi preparasi maggot kering, defatting, isolasi protein, hidrolisis protein secara enzimatik, dan identifikasi peptida. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa enzim alkalase menghasilkan rendemen hidrolisat tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 23,78%, dibandingkan dengan enzim pepsin dan tripsin. Analisis SDS-PAGE menunjukkan perubahan pita protein antara sampel sebelum hidrolisis (8–270 kDa) dan sesudah hidrolisis, masing-masing sebesar ±30 kDa (HPEA), ±45 kDa (HPEP), dan ±20 kDa (HPET). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa proses hidrolisis berhasil memecah protein menjadi peptida dengan bobot molekul yang lebih rendah. Hasil akhir menyatakan bahwa enzim alkalase, pepsin dan tripsin terbukti berhasil memecah protein menjadi peptida dengan bobot molekul yang lebih rendah dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai senyawa bioaktif.
Kajian Teknik Modifikasi Metformin HCl Oral dalam Upaya Peningkatan Permeabilitas Linggih Elra Yerisy; Fitrianti Darusman; Hanifa Rahma
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 5, No. 2, Desember 2025, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v5i2.8343

Abstract

Abstract. Metformin HCl is a biguanide-class antidiabetic drug widely used as a first-line therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it has high solubility, metformin is classified as a BCS Class III drug due to its low permeability, which limits its oral bioavailability. This study aims to review various formulation modification techniques developed to enhance the permeability of metformin HCl. The review was conducted through literature analysis of scientific articles obtained from major databases such as Sciencedirect, MDPI, PubMed, and Scopus. Based on the findings, strategies to improve metformin’s permeability include the use of ionic salts, lipid matrices, permeation enhancers, nanoparticles, microparticles and solid dispersions. Each technique demonstrates distinct mechanisms and effectiveness in overcoming permeability limitations. Therefore, selecting the appropriate formulation modification approach has the potential to significantly enhance the oral therapeutic efficacy of metformin. Abstrak. Metformin HCl merupakan obat antidiabetes golongan biguanida yang secara luas digunakan sebagai terapi lini pertama pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Meskipun memiliki kelarutan tinggi, metformin termasuk dalam  BCS kelas III karena permeabilitasnya yang rendah, yang membatasi bioavailabilitas oralnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai teknik modifikasi formulasi yang telah dikembangkan guna meningkatkan permeabilitas metformin HCl. Kajian dilakukan dengan metode telaah pustaka terhadap artikel-artikel ilmiah dari berbagai database terkemuka seperti Sciencedirect, MDPI, PubMed, dan Scopus. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran, strategi peningkatan permeabilitas metformin mencakup penggunaan garam ionik, matriks lipid, permeation enhancer, nanopartikel, mikropartikel dan solid dispersion. Masing-masing metode menunjukkan mekanisme dan efektivitas yang berbeda dalam mengatasi keterbatasan permeabilitas metformin. Dengan demikian, pemilihan metode modifikasi formulasi yang tepat berpotensi meningkatkan efikasi terapi oral metformin secara signifikan.
Formulasi Sediaan Hair Tonic Nanoemulsi Minyak Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.) Muhammad Izzan Fauzan; Purwaeni; Hanifa Rahma
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10109

Abstract

Abstract. Hair loss is one of the most common hair problems. Candlenut seed oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) has long been used to help treat hair loss due to its fatty acid content and bioactive compounds that support hair and scalp health. However, conventional use is limited by poor stability and low penetration of active compounds. Therefore, a nanoemulsion delivery system was developed to improve physical stability and enhance the delivery of candlenut oil. This study aimed to develop a candlenut oil nanoemulsion hair tonic with optimal physical characteristics. The nanoemulsion was formulated using a combination of surfactant and cosurfactant through a high-energy emulsification technique, and optimized using a 2² factorial design followed by quadratic modeling with RStudio. Oil identification was conducted by comparing analytical results with the Certificate of Analysis and relevant literature. The evaluation showed that the preparation was a clear, slightly viscous, colorless, and homogeneous liquid. The transmittance value was 99.678 ± 0.014%, with a pH of 6.47 ± 0.016 and viscosity of 949.333 ± 2.494 cP. The formulation exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior with a particle size of 20.8 ± 0.216 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.093 ± 0.012, and a zeta potential of −34.300 ± 1.314 mV. Thermodynamic stability testing confirmed that the formulation remained stable during storage. Therefore, the candlenut seed oil nanoemulsion hair tonic exhibited good characteristics and physical stability. Abstrak. Kerontokan rambut merupakan salah satu masalah rambut yang umum terjadi. Minyak biji kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.) telah lama dimanfaatkan untuk membantu mengatasi kerontokan rambut karena kandungan asam lemak dan senyawa bioaktif yang mendukung kesehatan rambut dan kulit kepala. Namun, penggunaan secara konvensional memiliki keterbatasan, terutama terkait stabilitas dan penetrasi zat aktif. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan sistem penghantaran nanoemulsi untuk meningkatkan stabilitas fisik dan efektivitas penghantaran minyak biji kemiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan formula hair tonic nanoemulsi minyak biji kemiri dengan karakteristik fisik optimal. Nanoemulsi diformulasikan menggunakan kombinasi surfaktan dan kosurfaktan dengan menggunakan metode teknik energi tinggi, kemudian dioptimasi menggunakan desain faktorial 2² dan pemodelan kuadratik berbasis RStudio. Identifikasi minyak dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil analisis terhadap Certificate of Analysis dan literatur. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan sediaan berupa cairan jernih agak kental, tidak berwarna, dan homogen. Nilai % transmittan sebesar 99,678 ± 0,014 %, pH 6,47 ± 0,016, serta viskositas 949,333 ± 2,494 cP. Sediaan menunjukkan sifat alir pseudoplastis dengan ukuran partikel 20,8 ± 0,216 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,093 ± 0,012, dan zeta potensial -34,300 ± 1,314 mV. Uji stabilitas termodinamik menunjukkan formula stabil selama penyimpanan. Dengan demikian, hair tonic nanoemulsi minyak biji kemiri memiliki karakteristik dan kestabilan fisik yang baik.
Co-Authors Fitrianti Darusman Linggih Elra Yerisy Muhammad Izzan Fauzan Purwaeni Syadza Syahida Zahra