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Sasi Karisma Lutfiah
Universitas Pamulang
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering

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Backward Pass Dalam Critical Path Method (Cpm): Konsep, Mekanisme, Dan Penerapannya Dalam Penjadwalan Proyek Sasi Karisma Lutfiah; Nazwa Aqila Zulfahdi; Alika Oktaviana Andini; Maya Aulia Ramadhani; Jekson Waluyo; Ria Aulia
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Digital Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62379/jebd.v3i4.4604

Abstract

Project scheduling is one of the crucial aspects in project management that determines the success of completing work on time. This article is a conceptual study (literature review) that discusses in depth the Backward Pass method within the framework of the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Backward Pass is the process of calculating the Latest Start (LS) and Latest Finish (LF) of each project activity, starting from the last activity toward the first. Through a literature review from various sources, this article explains the basic concepts of PERT/CPM, the working mechanisms of Forward Pass and Backward Pass, how to determine the Critical Path, Slack Time calculation, and the preparation of Gantt Charts and workforce requirement tables. Accompanied by calculation examples, this article is expected to serve as a comprehensive reference for academics and practitioners in understanding and applying the Backward Pass method to various types of projects.
Analisis Fenomena Cancel Culture dan Gerakan Boikot Digital terhadap Brand Trust Nasabah: Studi Kasus Isu Pemblokiran Rekening di Bank Mandiri Sasi Karisma Lutfiah; Laesa Salfa Inayah; Adinda Roslianda; Maulida Yoga Yudistira; Nazwa Naimatul Nafi'ah; Vivy Almaida Fadilah
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Digital Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rise of social media has amplified consumer voices, enabling collective phenomena such as cancel culture and digital boycotts to rapidly affect brand reputation. This study examines how negative sentiment and boycott campaigns on X (Twitter), Threads, and Instagram, triggered by public complaints regarding account-blocking practices at Bank Mandiri, influence brand trust and customer defection intentions. The study focuses on the August 2026 case involving the freezing of personal and donation funds belonging to a civil-society activist coordinator from Pati, Central Java, shortly before a planned demonstration in Jakarta. The incident generated the hashtags #BoikotBankMandiri and #PindahDariMandiri and attracted attention from the House of Representatives (DPR) and the National Police Commission (Kompolnas). Using a qualitative descriptive approach combining a literature-based case study and netnographic observation, this research analyzes online firestorm patterns, customer narratives, and the bank’s crisis response. The findings indicate that slow or perceived non-transparent complaint handling can transform individual grievances into collective boycott calls, weakening brand trust through perceived unfairness, limited communication transparency, and negative electronic word-of-mouth. However, declining trust does not necessarily lead to account closure because switching costs, habitual usage, digital ecosystem integration, and corrective responses may moderate customer defection intentions.
Co-Authors Adinda Roslianda Alika Oktaviana Andini Jekson Waluyo Laesa Salfa Inayah Maulida Yoga Yudistira Maya Aulia Ramadhani Nazwa Aqila Zulfahdi Nazwa Naimatul Nafi'ah Ria Aulia Vivy Almaida Fadilah