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All Journal Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Henka Bayu Seta
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Evaluating Behavior-Driven Metrics in Gamified Hybrid Environments: A Structural Analysis Approach Henka Bayu Seta; Zatin Niqotaini; Sarika Afrizal; Theresiawati; Artika Arista; Rapolo Joshua Napitupulu; Muhammad Ibrahim Al Farisi
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): May - July
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i3.2499

Abstract

Despite the widespread adoption of gamification in higher education, a significant research gap remains regarding the structural pathways through which specific game elements influence psychological drivers and academic success in hybrid settings. This study addresses this by evaluating the impact of badges, points, progress bars, and leaderboards on student motivation and outcomes using a quantitative approach with a sample of 437 university students in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), revealing that the model possesses strong internal consistency and convergent validity, with factor loadings between 0.760–0.956 and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values ranging from 0.687 to 0.872. The structural analysis confirms that badges act as a primary driver for perceived playfulness and the effectiveness of other elements, while leaderboards and progress bars significantly enhance learning satisfaction; however, points showed no significant impact on playfulness. These findings, evidenced by significant path coefficients (β) and robust R² values, provide an analytical framework for educators to strategically design gamified ecosystems that prioritize high-impact behavioral metrics over simple reward systems, thereby optimizing engagement in blended learning environments. 
Co-Authors Artika Arista Muhammad Ibrahim Al Farisi Niqotaini, Zatin Rapolo Joshua Napitupulu Sarika Afrizal Theresiawati