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All Journal JMECS (Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems) Engineering Science Letter
Anindya Nabila Salma
Telkom University
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Simulation of Updraft and Downdraft Gasification Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Production of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas from Cow Manure Waste Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami; Anindya Nabila Salma; Daffa Rayhan Betha Muchtar; Neni Sintawardani; Suwandi
Engineering Science Letter Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Engineering Science Letter
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/IISTR.esl.001397

Abstract

Biomass gasification offers a promising route to low‑carbon hydrogen, yet the operating conditions and reactor configuration governing hydrogen-rich syngas remain insufficiently compared across practical regimes. This study aims to quantify the effects of gasifier type (updraft vs. downdraft), operating temperature, and superficial velocity on hydrogen production performance, with emphasis on the syngas H2/CO ratio. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were implemented to model devolatilization, oxidation, and reduction pathways under steady-state assumptions, while systematically varying temperature (680-800°C) and air superficial velocity (0.0025-4 m/s). Model validation against experimental reference data demonstrated good agreement, with relative errors ranging from 5.95% to 6.93%. The results indicate that a downdraft configuration operated at 680°C and 2 m/s maximizes the H2/CO ratio, achieving a value of 2.091, outperforming alternative settings in terms of hydrogen yield and energy efficiency, albeit with higher variability than the updraft configuration. Increasing air flow beyond this optimum diminishes the H2/CO ratio due to enhanced oxidation, whereas raising the temperature to 800°C generally reduces the average H2/CO across both configurations. These findings establish a practical operating window for hydrogen‑rich syngas from livestock waste and highlight the need for rigorous process control to manage variability in downdraft operation. The study provides evidence-based guidance for gasifier design and operation, aiming to achieve efficient and renewable hydrogen production.
Simulation of Updraft and Downdraft Gasification Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Production of Syngas from Chicken Manure Waste Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami; Anindya Nabila Salma; Daffa Rayhan Betha Muchtar; Neni Sintawardani; Suwandi
JMECS (Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): JMECS
Publisher : Universitas Telkom

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25124/jmecs.v12i2.8099

Abstract

The rapid industrialization of the poultry sector has led to significant environmental challenges, including nutrient pollution, odor generation, and greenhouse gas emissions from improper manure management. This study examines the potential of chicken manure waste gasification as a sustainable approach to renewable energy production, while simultaneously addressing waste disposal concerns. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in ANSYS Fluent software version 2019 R2 under a student academic license provided by Telkom University, to investigate updraft and downdraft gasification processes under varying operational conditions, including airflow velocity and temperature. The simulation model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting syngas composition, with average errors of 0.1657% at 680°C and 0.0969% at 800°C, validating its reliability. The optimal gasifier dimensions are  30 cm diameter and 40 cm height) 16.5 cm diameter and 60 cm height for updraft and downdraft, respectively. These dimension are consistent with industry standards. The results indicates that airflow velocity significantly influenced syngas composition; moderate increases enhanced CO production in updraft configurations, while excessive airflow in downdraft setups reduced CO concentration due to overoxidation. Temperature optimization further improved syngas quality, with higher temperatures (800°C) increasing the concentrations of CO and H₂. The H₂/CO ratio remained stable under updraft conditions but exhibited more significant variability in downdraft setups due to differences in reaction kinetics and flow dynamics. These findings highlight the importance of precise control over operational parameters to optimize syngas yield and composition for energy applications. Future work should focus on refining simulation models, exploring diverse feedstocks, and enhancing process efficiency to advance sustainable waste-to-energy technologies.
Co-Authors Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami Daffa Rayhan Betha Muchtar Neni Sintawardani Neni Sintawardani Suwandi