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All Journal INDOGENIUS International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology
Halyza Nada Kirana
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Dentistry Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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The Use of Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds: A Literature Review Hasna Nisrina Huwaida Isfaizah; Mely Rosalinda; Salwa Roihana; Nadam Adi Reksa; Halyza Nada Kirana; Sayna Wahyu Ananta; Muhammad Ni’am Maulana
INDOGENIUS Vol 5 No 2 (2026): INDOGENIUS
Publisher : Department of Publication of Inspirasi Elburhani Foundation Desa. Pamokolan, Kecamatan Cihaurbeuti, Kabupaten Ciamis, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56359/igj.v5i2.964

Abstract

Background & Objective: This review examines key advancements and applications of gas chromatography in pharmaceutical drug analysis by exploring innovations in instrumentation, sample-preparation strategies, and analytical performance across biological and non-biological matrices. The primary objective is to summarize recent progress in GC, GC-MS, and GC-MS/MS technologies and evaluate their effectiveness in detecting volatile and semi-volatile compounds, impurities, residual solvents, and degradation products. Method: A systematic search of indexed literature from 2015 to 2025 was performed using predefined inclusion criteria involving thematic relevance, completeness of data, and the direct application of GC methods. Result: Findings indicate that column selection, detector type, extraction approaches, and derivatization techniques markedly influence sensitivity, linearity, and quantification accuracy for analytes such as sibutramine, favipiravir, diclofenac, volatile anesthetics, cannabinoids, and phytochemicals. The discussion highlights that hybrid technologies, precise temperature programming, and optimized sample clean-up substantially enhance analytical performance. Conclusion: The review concludes that gas chromatography remains a critical analytical platform for pharmaceutical quality control and drug-stability evaluation across research and clinical settings.
Formulation And Evaluation Of Instant Drink Powder Preparation With A Combination Of Vitamin C And Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate Faneshia Nabil Ayushita; Halyza Nada Kirana; Embun Larasati Kuncoro; Fauzi Rizki Fadhilah; Zefanya Yoga Permana Purba
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): IJHET MAY 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v5i1.833

Abstract

Vitamin C and Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate is a combination of active substances that play a role in improving the immune system and maintaining body health. This research aims to create a powder formulation of a combination of vitamin C and zinc sulfate that is safe for consumption. Vitamin C is a very sensitive substance and can be degraded into dehydroascorbic acid due to photooxidation and hydrolysis reactions. Vitamin C is easily degraded in aqueous media, at high pH, ​​high temperatures, in the presence of oxygen and metal ions. Formulation in solid form such as powder is often chosen to increase the chemical stability and shelf life of vitamin C. Formulation of vitamin C and zinc in powder form also provides convenience for consumers who have difficulty swallowing in pill, tablet, or capsule form. The evaluation results showed that the preparation had good characteristics in most parameters, including white color, smooth texture, odorless, slightly sweet and sour taste, particle size of 0.7795 mm, flow time of 10 seconds, water content of 2.73%, angle of repose of 31.52°, dissolution time of 1 minute 29 seconds, bulk density of 0.64, tap density of 0.72, Hausner ratio of 1.12, and compressibility index of 11.11%. However, the preparation did not meet the requirements for particle size distribution due to the excessive number of fines and a pH value of 3.57 which was below the specified range (4–7). Therefore, the resulting formulation still requires further optimization to improve compliance with the preparation quality standards.
Co-Authors Embun Larasati Kuncoro Faneshia Nabil Ayushita Fauzi Rizki Fadhilah Hasna Nisrina Huwaida Isfaizah Mely Rosalinda Muhammad Ni’am Maulana Nadam Adi Reksa Salwa Roihana Sayna Wahyu Ananta Zefanya Yoga Permana Purba