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Numerical Analysis of Mass Flow Rate Effect for 18650 Lithium-ion Battery Modules Thermal Management with Liquid Cooling System Rainer Samuel Fourlando; James Julian; Fitri Wahyuni; Riki Hendra Purba; Fathin Muhammad Madhudhu; Elvi Armadani
Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/angkasa.v18i1.3503

Abstract

Effective thermal management is critical for the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries. This study numerically investigates a liquid cooling system with a mini-channel cold plate, focusing on how different coolant ṁ affect the thermal performance of an 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery module. Simulations were conducted using three mass flow rate (ṁ) 0.0001, 0.0003, and 0.0005 kg/s to evaluate their impact on maximum temperature (Tmax) and temperature difference (ΔT). Results show that increasing the ṁ significantly lowers the battery's maximum temperature. besides, increasing the ṁ will cause a higher pressure drop. All configurations successfully maintained excellent temperature uniformity, keeping the temperature difference well below the critical 5°C threshold. Therefore, this study confirms the system's effectiveness and highlights the necessity of optimizing (ṁ) based on the trade-off between thermal efficieny and pressure drop for designing reliable battery thermal management systems.
Performance Evaluation of Liquid Cooling Systems in 18650 Batteries: A Case Study of Mass Flow Rate Variations in Mini-Channel Cold Plates Rainer Samuel Fourlando; James Julian; Anggie Wijaya Topan; Riki Hendra Purba; Fathin Muhammad Madhudhu; Elvi Wijaya Armadani; Fitri Wahyuni
JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) Vol 10 No 2: December 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Sukabumi

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Abstract

Pengelolaan energi termal yang esensial sangat penting bagi performa optimal, keamanan, dan umur pakai baterai lithium-ion (Li-ion), yang menghasilkan panas cukup besar selama operasi. Suhu berlebih dapat menyebabkan degradasi kapasitas dan thermal runaway. Studi ini secara numerik menyelidiki kinerja termal dari sistem pendingin cair yang menggunakan mini-channel cold plate untuk sebuah modul yang terdiri dari delapan baterai Li-ion tipe 18650. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi laju alir massa pendingin (air) terhadap temperatur maksimum baterai (TMAX) dan keseragaman temperatur (ΔT). Model computational fluid dynamics (CFD) yang telah divalidasi dengan data eksperimen digunakan dalam analisis ini. Tiga variasi laju alir massa disimulasikan, yaitu 0,0005 kg/s, 0,0015 kg/s, dan 0,0025 kg/s. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang diusulkan memiliki efisiensi tinggi, mampu menjaga TMAX baterai di bawah 26,5 °C pada semua konfigurasi, dengan penurunan lebih dari 49% dibandingkan kondisi tanpa pendinginan, di mana suhu mencapai 52 °C. Laju alir massa tertinggi (0,0025 kg/s) memberikan kinerja terbaik, dengan TMAX terendah sebesar 25,83 °C serta rata-rata penurunan temperatur tertinggi sebesar 50,5%. Selain itu, konfigurasi ini juga memberikan keseragaman termal yang lebih baik dan berhasil menjaga perbedaan temperatur internal setiap sel tetap di bawah ambang kritis 5 °C. Temperatur maksimum yang dicapai dengan sistem pendingin cair ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem tidak hanya mampu mencegah thermal runaway tetapi juga berkontribusi dalam memperpanjang siklus hidup dan daya tahan baterai. Sistem pendingin ini membantu meminimalkan mekanisme degradasi termal yang umumnya mempercepat penuaan baterai.
The Effect of The Bio-Inspired Airfoil NACA 4415 at High Reynolds Number Saphira Anggraita Siswanto; James Julian; Fitri Wahyuni; Riki Hendra Purba; Fathin Muhammad Madhudhu; Elvi Armadani
JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) Vol 10 No 2: December 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Sukabumi

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Abstract

The topic of airfoil modification and its impact on aerodynamic performance is a highly debated issue in aerospace engineering circles. This study examines the effect of the NACA 4415 bio-inspired nose airfoil on its aerodynamic performance by adding spinner dolphin and roughtoothed dolphin geometries to the leading edge using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method at a Reynolds number of Re = 106. Simulations were conducted to analyze changes in the lift coefficient (Cl), drag coefficient (Cd), and moment coefficient (Cm), which serve as indicators of aerodynamic performance and stability. The results show that the baseline NACA 4415 airfoil produces the highest lift and the lowest drag overall, making it suitable for applications requiring maximum lift and minimum drag. Spinner dolphins has a smaller percentage increase in Cd, at 41.933%, compared to the baseline. In contrast, roughtoothed dolphins with an average percentage of 56.004% compared to the baseline exhibit a higher percentage increase in Cd. Conversely, in the Cl data, the percentage decreased in   dolphins has a larger average, namely -14.607%, compared to the baseline, whereas the spinner dolphin type only has an average of -8.713%. In the Cm data, the Roughtoothed Dolphin and Spinner Dolphin have higher and more stable Cm than NACA 4415. This study confirms that bio-inspired modifications can significantly impact aerodynamic performance, depending on operating conditions.