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All Journal Aafiyah: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu ILAW; International Journal Assulta of Law Review
Mohammed Abdu Rehany
University of Zakho, Zahko, Kurdistan Region Iraq, Iraq
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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 1 
Women in Contemporary Islamic Perspective: Between Equality and Nature Mohammed Abdu Rehany
Aafiyah: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024): Aafiyah: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu
Publisher : CV Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/ja.v2i02.1298

Abstract

The discourse concerning women in contemporary Islamic perspectives continues to develop alongside social transformation, globalization, educational progress, and debates regarding gender equality and women’s rights. Islam recognizes the dignity, honor, and important social roles of women while also acknowledging natural differences between men and women in certain biological and social dimensions. However, interpretations regarding equality and women’s nature often generate debate within contemporary Muslim societies, particularly concerning education, leadership, employment, family roles, and public participation. This study aims to analyze women’s positions in contemporary Islamic perspectives by examining the relationship between gender equality and women’s natural characteristics within social and religious contexts. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and contextual analysis of Islamic teachings, gender discourse, and contemporary social realities. The findings indicate that Islam fundamentally upholds human dignity, justice, educational rights, social participation, and ethical equality between men and women while recognizing complementary roles and biological distinctions between genders. The study also reveals that contemporary challenges such as patriarchal culture, gender discrimination, globalization, and modern feminist discourse influence interpretations regarding women’s roles in Muslim societies. Therefore, balanced understanding integrating Islamic values, social justice, and recognition of women’s nature is essential for promoting women’s empowerment and harmonious social development in contemporary society.
Implementation of Islamic Values of Rahmatan lil 'Alamin in Multicultural Life in Iraq Mohammed Abdu Rehany
Aafiyah: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024): Aafiyah: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu
Publisher : CV Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/ja.v2i02.1300

Abstract

The concept of Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin represents one of the fundamental principles of Islam emphasizing mercy, compassion, justice, tolerance, and peace for all creation. In multicultural societies such as Iraq, where diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural groups coexist, the implementation of Islamic values of Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin becomes highly important for maintaining social harmony, national unity, and peaceful coexistence. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic values of Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin in multicultural life in Iraq and examine their relevance in addressing social conflict, sectarian tension, and cultural diversity within contemporary society. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and contextual analysis of Islamic teachings, multiculturalism, and social conditions in Iraq. The findings indicate that Islamic values emphasizing compassion, justice, tolerance, moderation, and social solidarity contribute positively to strengthening peaceful intercommunal relations and promoting social cohesion in multicultural environments. However, the implementation of these values faces challenges related to sectarian conflict, political instability, extremism, social polarization, and historical tensions among communities. The study emphasizes that strengthening inclusive Islamic education, interfaith dialogue, ethical leadership, and community cooperation is essential for promoting the values of Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin within Iraqi society. Therefore, revitalizing Islamic humanitarian values can contribute significantly to peacebuilding, reconciliation, and sustainable social harmony in multicultural national life.
Criminal Justice System Reform: A Comparative Approach between European and Asian Countries Mohammed Abdu Rehany
ILAW International Journal Assulta of Law Review
Publisher : Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/ilaw.v1i1.374

Abstract

This research conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of criminal justice system reforms in European and Asian countries, aiming to highlight similarities, differences, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. The study examines the evolution of legal frameworks, procedural safeguards, and enforcement mechanisms within diverse historical, cultural, and normative backgrounds. Findings reveal that European countries prioritize judicial independence, human rights protection, and adherence to international legal standards. However, Asian nations exhibit varied approaches influenced by civil law, common law, and customary legal traditions. The analysis underscores the importance of upholding the rule of law, protecting individual rights, and promoting transparency and accountability within criminal justice systems. Moreover, the research emphasizes cross-regional learning, evidence-based policymaking, and continuous evaluation to address systemic challenges and foster more effective, equitable, and rights-respecting legal systems globally.
Strengthening Restorative Justice in Criminal Justice System Reform: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and the Netherlands Mohammed Abdu Rehany
ILAW International Journal Assulta of Law Review
Publisher : Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/ilaw.v3i01.1217

Abstract

This study analyzes the strengthening of restorative justice in criminal justice system reform through a comparative study between Indonesia and the Netherlands. The research aims to examine how restorative justice is implemented in both countries and how it contributes to the transformation of criminal justice systems toward more humanistic and rehabilitative approaches. A normative legal research method is used with conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches based on secondary data from legal literature, official documents, and academic publications. The findings show that restorative justice in Indonesia is in a developing stage, primarily implemented through discretionary law enforcement practices, while in the Netherlands it is more institutionalized and integrated into the formal criminal justice system. Both countries share similar objectives in promoting reconciliation, reducing recidivism, and improving justice efficiency. However, differences exist in legal structure, institutional support, and implementation consistency. The study concludes that restorative justice is an important model for criminal justice reform, but its effectiveness depends on legal institutionalization, cultural acceptance, and continuous policy development.
Reform of Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Study of Restorative Justice in Indonesia and the Netherlands Mohammed Abdu Rehany
ILAW International Journal Assulta of Law Review
Publisher : Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/ilaw.v2i1.1230

Abstract

The reform of criminal justice systems has increasingly shifted toward more humane and participatory approaches, particularly through the adoption of restorative justice. This study aims to analyze and compare the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia and the Netherlands as part of broader criminal justice system reforms. The research employs a normative legal method with a comparative approach, examining legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and practical applications in both countries. The findings reveal that Indonesia applies restorative justice in a more flexible and culturally embedded manner, emphasizing social harmony and community-based resolution. However, its implementation remains fragmented and largely dependent on the discretion of law enforcement authorities. In contrast, the Netherlands demonstrates a more structured and institutionalized approach, supported by clear legal regulations, professional mediation services, and stronger protection of victims’ rights. Both countries share a common objective of reducing reliance on punitive measures, improving access to justice, and restoring social relationships. Nevertheless, differences in legal certainty, institutional capacity, and empirical evaluation highlight the need for further development, particularly in Indonesia. This study concludes that an integrative model combining legal rigor with socio-cultural adaptability is essential for achieving an effective and equitable criminal justice system.
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