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All Journal Ensiklopedia of Journal Diakronika
Sabrina Sabrina
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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From Smallholder Rubber Income to the Schoolfonds: Fiscal Mechanisms and the Development of Schooling in Kuantan, Riau (1916-1932) Sabrina Sabrina; Nur Aini Setiawati
Diakronika Vol 26 No 1 (2026): DIAKRONIKA
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/diakronika/vol26-iss1/517

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between smallholder rubber cultivation, the schoolfonds (a locally administered education fund financed through compulsory contributions), and education in Kuantan during 1916–1932, highlighting the local economy as a key factor in shaping educational development. It aims to analyze and reconstruct the trajectory of educational development and sustainability in Kuantan through the schoolfonds taxation mechanism. The study employs the historical method, including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that the economic opening of Kuantan through smallholder rubber plantations generated complex administrative demands, which contributed to the establishment of the schoolfonds in 1916. The schoolfonds was created to finance the overall provision of education in the Onderafdeeling Kuantan (an administrative division under afdeeling, headed by a controleur). However, the global economic crisis of the early 1930s led to a sharp decline in rubber prices and exports, directly reducing local incomes and schoolfonds revenues. This downturn resulted in the contraction of educational facilities and funding, necessitating austerity in the allocation of schoolfonds. This study argues that, structurally, the expansion and sustainability of education in Kuantan rested upon the material foundation of rubber-generated surplus, converted into public funding through a fiscal mechanism (schoolfonds). More importantly, this study contributes to a rethinking of the history of educational financing outside Java by demonstrating that educational development in Kuantan was not solely the result of colonial state intervention (top-down), but was also shaped by the stability of the smallholder rubber economy and the operation of local fiscal mechanisms.
PACU JALUR: DARI PACU PERAHU LOKAL HINGGA SALAH SATU PARIWISATA TERPOPULER DI INDONESIA Amanan Amanan; Sabrina Sabrina
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 1 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3406

Abstract

This article examines the history and development of Pacu Jalur, a traditional longboat racing event on the Kuantan River in Kuantan Singingi Regency. Originally, these boats served as means of transportation, but over time, they evolved into a competitive event featured in a national cultural festival. The study also highlights the enthusiasm of the local community involved in Pacu Jalur, as the event is not only compelling as a spectacle but has also become an integral part of daily life. The research employs historical methods through the stages of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography, utilizing various sources including newspapers, books, academic articles, and interviews with local residents. The findings indicate that Pacu Jalur developed from a simple local tradition, gradually attracting governmental attention in the 1980s, transforming into a widely celebrated people’s festival, becoming part of Riau’s tourism program, and eventually being recognized as an intangible cultural heritage and incorporated into the Karisma Event Nusantara (KEN) by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. Moreover, the enduring popularity of Pacu Jalur is inseparable from the collective enthusiasm of the community, which has been crucial to sustaining the tradition from past to present. Thus, Pacu Jalur serves not only as a cultural symbol but also as a space of communal togetherness and a marker of collective identity for the people of Kuantan Singingi.Keywords: Pacu Jalur, Taluk Kuantan, local history.
Co-Authors Amanan Amanan Nur Aini Setiawati