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All Journal Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam JIS: Journal ISLAMIC STUDIES
Zaid Alfauza Marpaung
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Offenders’ Inability to Pay Restitution to Victims: An Islamic Criminal Law Perspective Dinda Sherin Al Asya Sinaga; Zaid Alfauza Marpaung
Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Hukum Tata Negara, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Islam IAIN Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30863/ajmpi.v11i2.11813

Abstract

This study examines the problem of offenders’ inability to fulfill restitution obligations to victims from the perspectives of Indonesian positive law and Islamic criminal law. The study is motivated by the limited effectiveness of restitution enforcement within the Indonesian legal system, which remains heavily dependent on the offender’s financial capacity, resulting in the suboptimal fulfillment of victims’ rights in practice. This research aims to analyze the regulation of restitution under Indonesian positive law and to explore the concept of diyat in Islamic criminal law as an alternative approach to addressing offenders who are unable to pay restitution. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, analyzed qualitatively through library research. The findings reveal that Indonesian positive law positions restitution as a form of individual criminal responsibility without providing a comprehensive mechanism for situations in which offenders lack the financial capacity to satisfy such obligations. Consequently, the fulfillment of victims’ rights frequently remains ineffective in practice. In contrast, Islamic criminal law offers a more flexible and restorative approach through mechanisms such as the postponement of payment for individuals experiencing economic hardship, as reflected in Qur’an Surah Al-Baqarah (2): 280, the concept of ʿāqilah as a form of collective responsibility, and the potential involvement of social institutions in ensuring the fulfillment of victims’ rights. This study argues that the principles of Islamic criminal law possess significant relevance for the development of a restitution system that is more equitable, humane, and victim-oriented while simultaneously taking into account the offender’s economic circumstances.
Asas Praduga Tidak Bersalah dalam Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Islam Dilla Pratiwi; Zaid Alfauza Marpaung
JIS: Journal Islamic Studies Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September-Desember 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Tanggui Baimbaian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71456/jis.v4i3.2731

Abstract

Asas praduga tidak bersalah merupakan prinsip penting dalam sistem hukum pidana modern yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan terhadap seseorang yang dituduh melakukan tindak pidana sebelum kesalahannya dibuktikan melalui proses hukum yang sah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep asas praduga tidak bersalah dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam serta mengkaji relevansinya dalam penegakan hukum pidana modern di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis melalui studi pustaka terhadap sumber hukum Islam dan peraturan perundang-undangan nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun istilah asas praduga tidak bersalah tidak ditemukan secara eksplisit dalam literatur fikih klasik, terdapat prinsip-prinsip yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan substansinya, terutama kewajiban pembuktian terhadap suatu tuduhan, kehati-hatian dalam menetapkan kesalahan, dan perlindungan terhadap pihak yang dituduh. Prinsip tersebut tercermin antara lain dalam kaidah al-bayyinah ‘ala al-mudda’i wa al-yamin ‘ala man ankara, al-ashlu bara’atu al-dzimmah, dan al-yaqin la yazulu bi al-syakk. Dalam penegakan hukum pidana modern di Indonesia, asas praduga tidak bersalah tetap relevan sebagai prinsip perlindungan hak dan pembatasan terhadap tindakan yang sewenang-wenang, meskipun penerapannya masih menghadapi tantangan berupa kesenjangan antara norma dan praktik serta tekanan media dan opini publik. Penguatan pemahaman, proses peradilan yang objektif, dan penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian diperlukan untuk mendukung penerapan asas tersebut secara konsisten
Co-Authors Dilla Pratiwi Dinda Sherin Al Asya Sinaga