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All Journal Qisthosia Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Muhammad Khalil Mubarraq
UIN Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe
Religion Humanities Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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An Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Apexel Lens as a Non-Conventional Optical Device for Hilal Observation Muhammad Khalil Mubarraq; Ravik Walhidayah; Ismail
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

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Abstract

Crescent moon (Hilal) is a primary indicator to determine the onset of a new month in Hijri calendar, but access limitation to the conventional optical instrument such as telescope and theodolite remains a significant constaint across various strategic observation sites. This study aims to analyze the feasilibity of the Apexel telephoto lens as a non-conventional optical instrument for hilal observation, while also evaluating its potential as a screening tool to assessing the suitability of rukyat (crescent sighting) sites. The research employed a field-experimental approach, by comparing the optical performance of the Apexel lens mounted on a Google Pixel 5 with a standard astronomical telescope F70060 Telescope during Hilal observation conducted between November 21–24, 2025 at the Malikussaleh Observatory. The result demonstrate that Hilal image was successfully documented on November 23, 2025 with an altitude of 6° above the horizon. This outcome was significantly supported by favorable atmospheric conditions, characterized by cloud cover below 10%, which enabled the camera sensor to compensate for the Apexel lens's aperture limitations in capturing the low-contrast luminosity of the thin crescent. Conversely, detection attempts on other days failed due to adverse atmospheric conditions, wherein dense cloud cover attenuated hilal luminosity beyond the instrument's sensitivity threshold. From economic standpoint, this device represents a viable alternative for grassroots rukyat communities in remote areas, given its affordability and accessibility. Accordingly, Apexel telephoto lens has a potential to be a supplementary instrument for Hilal observation in the context of site exploration and public education, with the caveat that its performance is highly depends on sky clearance and astronomical parameters that meets the minimum visibility criteria.
Pluralisme Hukum dalam Penentuan Ramadan: Otoritas Kitab Matla’ul Badrayn sebagai Living Law di Masyarakat Indonesia.: Legal Pluralism in Determining the Start of Ramadan: The Authority of the Book Matla'ul Badrayn as "Living Law" in Indonesian Society. Muhammad Khalil Mubarraq; Ismail Ismail; Laiyina Ukhti
QISTHOSIA : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46870/jhki.v7i1.2121

Abstract

Determining the beginning of Ramadan in Indonesia is frequently marked by tension between the state regulatory authority and traditional religious texts. This article analyzes the Kitab Matla' al-Badrayn wa Majma' al-Bahrayn by Sheikh Muhammad bin Ismail al-Fathani, which has transformed from classical literature into a living law within the Muslim community of the Archipelago (Nusantara). Employing a socio-legal approach, this study examines how theological compliance with the text, specifically page 60, which prescribes methods for determining Ramadan through istikmal, rukyah hilal, isbat hilal, and customary signs, challenges the hegemony of the national calendar unification based on MABIMS astronomical criteria. The findings indicate that the community's continued adherence to the local matla' territorial limit of 24 farsakh is a unique phenomenon. Although information technology enables the instant distribution of rukyah hilal news beyond physical boundaries, a segment of society continues to reject long-distance rukyah results that transcend textual stipulations. This underscores that for traditional society, legal certainty in worship is determined more by steadfast conviction in the turats heritage than by the administrative rationality of Wilayatul Hukmi proposed by the state. This article concludes that the reality of legal pluralism cannot be negated solely through a technocratic approach. The existence of Matla' al-Badrayn as a moral compass demands that the state acknowledge differences in month-determination methods as logical consequences of diversity within Islamic legal epistemology. These differences must be managed through constructive dialogue rather than coercive unification.
Co-Authors Ismail Ismail Laiyina Ukhti Ravik Walhidayah