Muhammad Farlyzhar Yusuf
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

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Preserving Spontaneous Ventilation in ASA III Patients: Transtracheal Block as a Primary Anesthetic Strategy for Complex Bronchoscopy Yoga Indrawan Pratama; Ruddi Hartono; Muhammad Farlyzhar Yusuf
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v7i1.854

Abstract

Introduction: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III presents a significant anesthetic challenge. General anesthesia carries risks of hemodynamic instability and respiratory compromise, while conventional topical anesthesia is often insufficient for cough suppression. This study evaluates the efficacy of transtracheal block (TTB) combined with dexmedetomidine as a primary anesthetic strategy to preserve spontaneous ventilation in high-risk patients. Case presentation: We present a serial case report of four adult males (aged 43-66 years) with severe pulmonary comorbidities, including advanced lung malignancies, atelectasis, and massive pleural effusion. All patients were classified as ASA III. The anesthetic protocol utilized a multimodal approach: intravenous dexmedetomidine sedation (loading dose 1 mcg/kg, maintenance 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hr) combined with a TTB using 20 mg of 2% lidocaine. All procedures were successfully completed without conversion to general anesthesia. Hemodynamic monitoring revealed that mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate variability remained within 15% of baseline. No episodes of desaturation (SpO2 < 90%) or significant periprocedural respiratory distress were observed. Patients demonstrated rapid recovery with minimal coughing (Visual Analog Scale for Cough < 2/10) and were discharged from the ICU within 24 hours. Conclusion: Transtracheal block combined with dexmedetomidine provides profound airway anesthesia while maintaining spontaneous ventilation and hemodynamic stability. This technique represents a superior safety profile compared to general anesthesia for complex bronchoscopy in patients with compromised respiratory reserve.
Opioid-Sparing Anesthetic Strategy with Ultrasound-Guided Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Pediatric Recurrent Lymphangioma Surgery: A Case Report Rofiudin Ali; Rudy Vitraludyono; Buyung Hartiyo Laksono; Muhammad Farlyzhar Yusuf
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v7i1.891

Abstract

Introduction: Pediatric cervical mass surgery presents unique perioperative challenges, including airway proximity, hemodynamic lability, and the need for effective opioid-sparing analgesia. The superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) targets the cutaneous branches of C2-C4 emerging at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, but its use in pediatric oncologic neck surgery is infrequently reported. Case presentation: A 9-year-old girl (24 kg) presented for excision of a progressively enlarging recurrent right cervical mass clinically and radiologically suggestive of a multiloculated lymphatic malformation. After balanced general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, an ultrasound-guided right SCPB was performed using 8 mL of ropivacaine 0.2% with dexamethasone 5 mg as an adjuvant. The 2-hour excision proceeded with stable hemodynamics, no additional intraoperative opioid requirement after a single induction-phase fentanyl dose, and a positive fluid balance of +40 mL. The patient was extubated uneventfully, recovered in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) without rescue analgesic demand, and was transferred to the ward on postoperative day 1 with excellent analgesia and no neurologic, respiratory, or wound complications. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided SCPB combining low-concentration ropivacaine with perineural dexamethasone provided effective opioid-sparing analgesia for pediatric cervical lymphangioma excision while preserving respiratory reserve and hemodynamic stability. Compared with previously published pediatric SCPB cases — predominantly in vocal cord, otologic, and tympanomastoid surgery — the present report extends documented experience to recurrent oncologic cervical mass excision, contributing to the developing pediatric regional anesthesia literature in the Indonesian and broader Asian setting.