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All Journal Al Muhafidz AL ISNAD: Journal of Indonesian Hadith Studies
Yolan Hardika Pratama
Universitas PTIQ Jakarta, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Education Other

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Safar Perempuan dalam Konteks Sosio-Historis Arab Abad Ke-7: Kritik Hadis Berbasis Sosio-Historis: Women’s Travel in the 7th-Century Arab Socio-Historical Context: A Socio-Historical Approach to Hadith Criticism Yolan Hardika Pratama; Nurul Huda; Rusdi
AL ISNAD: Journal of Indonesian Hadith Studies Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): AL-ISNAD: Journal of Indonesian Hadith Studies
Publisher : Institut Daarul Qur'an Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51875/alisnad.v7i1.1109

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the hadith regarding the prohibition of women traveling without a maḥram to distinguish between universal ethical principles (maqṣad) and particular-contextual legal applications (ḥukm). The method employed is qualitative library research using a holistic hadith criticism approach. The analysis includes sanad criticism to verify the authenticity of the narration and matan criticism expanded with a socio-historical approach and Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah. The findings indicate that the hadiths possess highly authentic sanad quality. However, the analysis of the matan and socio-historical context reveals that the prohibition was a rational protective response to the hazardous conditions of the 7th-century Arabian Peninsula, where a maḥram served as a security guarantor. Thus, the 'illah (legal cause) of this prohibition is the absence of security (amn), not the act of travel itself. This study concludes that in the modern context, where travel security is guaranteed through transportation systems and state law enforcement, the 'illah has ceased to exist, allowing for a review of the ruling. Permitting women to travel safely in the modern era is viewed as more aligned with maqāṣid to realize public interest (maṣlaḥah) and eliminate harm (mafsadah).
Weighing the Soundness of the Sanad: The Epistemological Position of Muhammad Abū Shuhbah on Isrāʾīliyyāt in the Case Study of Hārūt and Mārūt Yolan Hardika Pratama; Kamila Na’im; Abdur Rokhim Hasan
Al Muhafidz: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Available online since 25 August 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur'an Al Multazam Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57163/qsf8ag38

Abstract

Isrāʾīliyyāt narratives in classical tafsīr literature raise an unresolved tension between naqd al-sanad and naqd al-matan. When a report has a sound sanad yet contradicts Islamic doctrine, scholarly responses diverge. Some scholars preserve such reports through taʾwīl, while others reject them entirely. Muhammad Abū Shuhbah occupies the most uncompromising position in this spectrum, yet the epistemological basis of his rejection lacks systematic examination. Using a qualitative library research method, this study explains the epistemological foundation of Abū Shuhbah's rejection of Isrāʾīliyyāt reports with sound transmission chains and tests his argument's consistency through the Hārūt and Mārūt case. The primary source is Abū Shuhbah's Al-Isrāʾīliyyāt wa al-Mawḍū'āt fī Kutub al-Tafsīr, analyzed alongside relevant classical works via descriptive-analytical content analysis. Abū Shuhbah adopts the standard tripartite classification but treats a report as an indivisible whole. He rejects the Hārūt and Mārūt narrative due to an invalid matan, even when parts of its sanad are considered sound, and provides an alternative interpretation of Q. al-Baqara [2]:102 containing no Isrāʾīliyyāt elements. The soundness of a sanad cannot rehabilitate a report whose matan contradicts textual and rational evidence. This principle contributes to qawāʿid al-tafsīr by clarifying the structural relationship between naqd al-sanad and naqd al-matan, reframing Abū Shuhbah's stance as a principled epistemological position that assigns naqd al-matan the role of final arbiter.
Co-Authors Abdur Rokhim Hasan Kamila Na’im Nurul Huda Rusdi