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Design and Crash Test on a Two-Passenger City Car Frame using Finite Element Method Randi Purnama Putra; Dori Yuvenda; Wanda Afnison; Remon Lapisa; Milana Milana; Anna Niska Fauza; Dani Harmanto
Automotive Experiences Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.11306

Abstract

The chassis is an important part of a car which must have a strong construction to withstand the weight of the vehicle. The purpose of this research is to create a city car's chassis that can hold two passengers and then crash-test the finished product. In this research, a development method was used using SolidWorks software and the student version of ANSYS R2 2023 as software for creating chassis designs and crash test simulations. The study's findings indicate that the car frame's measurements are 2.46 meters in length, 1.33 meters in height, and 1.39 meters in width. The steel of the ASTM A36 type was utilized as the material in the computational study of the frame. The results show that increasing speed causes an increase in deformation, with the peak deformation at a speed of 100 km/h. The maximum deformation occurs at 0.007 seconds with a value of 203.51 mm at the top pillar of the car. The deformation increases from 97.196 mm at 0.0035 s to 161.22 mm at 0.0056 s. However, deformation occurs mainly in the front zone of the car frame and is not significant in the passenger zone.
Aerodynamic Approach to Two-Passenger City Car Design: A Study of Square Back and Compact Shapes Randi Purnama Putra; Dori Yuvenda; Remon Lapisa; Wanda Afnison; Milana Milana; M. Yasep Setiawan; Ahmad Arif; Dani Harmanto
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13686

Abstract

The development of lightweight electric cars for urban mobility requires efficient aerodynamic design without sacrificing space efficiency. This study presents a novel method by investigating the combination of a two-seater city car's compact dimensions and square back shape, which has not been extensively researched for low- to medium-velocity vehicles. This study's objective is to assess the design's aerodynamic performance using numerical simulations using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The vehicle model is designed with a compact body and square back, which is commonly used in small vehicles with high maneuverability requirements. The simulations are conducted at three different air velocity levels: 10, 20, and 30 m/s. The results of the study showed an increase in the value of the drag coefficient (Cd) along with an increase in flow velocity. At a velocity of 10 m/s, the Cd value was recorded at 0.4536. When the velocity increased to 20 m/s, the drag coefficient increased slightly to 0.4563. Further increases in velocity to 30 m/s resulted in a Cd value of 0.4581. This Cd value shows the consistency of aerodynamic performance with increasing velocity, with fluctuations that remain within the efficiency limits of lightweight vehicles. The pressure distribution contour shows high-pressure accumulation at the front and low pressure at the rear of the vehicle, which generates large turbulent wakes in the rear area and contributes to increased drag. These findings indicate that the square rear body design faces significant aerodynamic challenges. Therefore, design strategies such as adding a rear spoiler, using a rear diffuser, and optimizing the rear body angle are suggested as potential solutions to improve flow efficiency.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS CANVA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN DASAR PROGRAM KEAHLIAN SISWA KELAS X TPM SMK NEGERI 5 PADANG Falry Kurnia Darlis; Rifelino Rifelino; Wanda Afnison; Fathir Aspar
KNOWLEDGE: Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia (P4I)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/knowledge.v6i3.13532

Abstract

ABSTRACT Limited availability of mechanical measuring instruments in vocational high schools (SMK) has constrained practical learning activities, resulting in low student learning outcomes. Although Canva-based learning media have been widely developed, studies integrating instructional videos, interactive 3D visualizations, and digital assessments to address the lack of practical facilities in mechanical measuring instrument topics remain limited. This study aimed to develop Canva-based interactive learning media that are valid, practical, and effective in improving the learning outcomes of tenth-grade Mechanical Engineering students at SMK Negeri 5 Padang. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. Media validity was evaluated by two material experts and three media experts, practicality was tested on 35 students, and effectiveness was examined through a Nonequivalent Control Group Design using an Independent Sample t-test and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the media achieved a very high level of validity from material experts (88.54%) and media experts (90.77%), while practicality reached 93.01%, categorized as highly practical. The effectiveness test revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (Sig. = 0.000), with the experimental group's average score increasing from 67 to 90. Therefore, the developed media are proven to be valid, practical, and effective, providing a digital learning alternative to overcome the limitations of practical facilities in vocational education. ABSTRAK Keterbatasan fasilitas alat ukur mekanis di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) menyebabkan proses pembelajaran praktik belum optimal dan berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik. Meskipun media pembelajaran berbasis Canva telah banyak dikembangkan, penelitian yang mengintegrasikan video pembelajaran, visualisasi 3D interaktif, dan evaluasi digital untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sarana praktik pada materi alat ukur mekanis masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Canva yang valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X Teknik Pemesinan SMK Negeri 5 Padang. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Validitas media dinilai oleh dua ahli materi dan tiga ahli media, praktikalitas diuji kepada 35 siswa, sedangkan efektivitas diuji menggunakan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design melalui Independent Sample t-test dan analisis N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media memperoleh tingkat validitas sangat tinggi dari ahli materi (88,54%) dan ahli media (90,77%), serta praktikalitas sebesar 93,01% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Uji efektivitas menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol (Sig. = 0,000), dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari 67 menjadi 90 pada kelas eksperimen. Dengan demikian, media yang dikembangkan terbukti valid, praktis, dan efektif serta memberikan alternatif pembelajaran digital untuk mengatasi keterbatasan fasilitas praktik di SMK.