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Siti Nurjanah
Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri Jurai Siwo Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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Prophetic Ijtihad and Adaptive Legal Reasoning in Early Islamic Law M. Findo Riatama; Siti Nurjanah; Siti Zumrotus Saadah
Journal of Social Science and Humanities Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): June
Publisher : CV. Tripe Konsultan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54012/jssh.v1i3.760

Abstract

This article examines Prophetic ijtihad as a foundational model of adaptive legal reasoning in early Islamic law. The problem addressed is the tendency to reduce Prophetic-era law to static textual authority while overlooking the interaction between revelation, reasoning, context, and consultation. Using qualitative library research with a historical-normative and conceptual approach, the study analyzes Qur'anic legal principles, Prophetic traditions, sira materials, usul al-fiqh concepts, and recent literature on ijtihad, maqasid, and legal adaptation. The findings show that Prophetic ijtihad functioned as guided legal reasoning: it remained anchored in revelation while using analogy, maslahah, consultation, gradualism, custom, and supervised delegation to the Companions. This pattern demonstrates that early Islamic law was neither rigid literalism nor unrestricted rationalism, but a disciplined method for connecting divine norms with concrete social needs. The article contributes a typology of Prophetic ijtihad and argues that it can inform contemporary Islamic legal thought through textual fidelity, public benefit, ethical purpose, and methodological accountability.
Sharīʿah Rulings in the Perspective of the Qur’an and the Sunnah: A Conceptual Examination of Taklīfī and Waḍʿī Legal Norms Warsono Warsono; Siti Nurjanah; M. Lutfi Khakim; Nur Widiastuti
Journal of Social Science and Humanities Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): June
Publisher : CV. Tripe Konsultan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54012/jssh.v1i3.774

Abstract

This article examines the concept of hukum syara’ from the perspective of the Qur’an and the Sunnah as the primary normative foundations of Islamic law. The study focuses on the definition of hukum syara’, its epistemological position within Islamic legal thought, and its classification into hukum taklifi and hukum wadh’i. Using a qualitative library research method, this article analyzes classical and contemporary works on ushul fiqh and Islamic legal philosophy. The findings show that hukum syara’ is not merely a formal legal command but a divine discourse directed toward the conduct of mukallaf through demands, prohibitions, choices, and legal determinations. Hukum taklifi includes wajib, mandub, haram, makruh, and mubah, while hukum wadh’i includes sabab, syarat, and mani’. These two classifications demonstrate that Islamic law contains both normative obligations and operational legal mechanisms. The article argues that a systematic understanding of hukum syara’ is essential for strengthening Islamic legal studies because it clarifies the relationship between revelation, legal reasoning, and practical human conduct.
Co-Authors M. Findo Riatama M. Lutfi Khakim Nur Widiastuti Siti Zumrotus Saadah Warsono Warsono