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The Evolution of the ESL Learner: A Review of Affective, Structural, and Cultural Hurdles from Literacy to Native-Like Fluency Mardy Serey; Chanrathany Sam; Sannisa Seng; Toknoy San; Sam Et Ry; Soeung Sit; Sophat Phon
Journal of Language, Literature, and Educational Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jolle.v3i1.3303

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This comprehensive review article synthesizes current literature on second language acquisition (SLA) to examine the primary hurdles ESL learners encounter throughout their evolutionary trajectory - from basic literacy to native-like fluency. The paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of the learner's experience and to evaluate pedagogical interventions designed to mitigate these hurdles. Methodology: The study methodology is narrative/integrative literature review. It integrates theoretical perspectives and empirical research into SLA with literature based on established theoretical models including Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis, Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System, Selinker’s Interlanguage Theory, the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis, and Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. Since this methodology was conceptual and desk-based, there was no primary data collection. Main Findings: The review also finds that achieving native-like fluency requires not only cognitive and linguistic development but also profound socio-emotional adaptation. Pedagogical interventions, such as scaffolding, communicative language teaching, and translanguaging, are identified as effective strategies for mitigating these hurdles. Novelty/Originality of this study: Novelty of this paper is that it adopts a tripartite, integrative framework focusing on affective, structural, and cultural barriers in a single review — it deviates from previous studies that examine these domains in isolation. By mapping the ESL learner's entire developmental trajectory from literacy to native-like fluency through this holistic lens, the paper advocates for a novel, inclusive, culturally responsive, and psychologically supportive ESL educational framework that addresses the learner as a whole person rather than merely a linguistic processor.
Drivers of Growth for Food-Processing SMEs in Cambodia: A Literature Synthesis and Integrated Economic Model Sam Ean Lay; Mardy SEREY; Sophat Phon
Komsospol Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/komsospol.v6i1.2374

Abstract

Cambodia's food-processing SMEs occupy a position of considerable strategic consequence within the country's industrial trajectory, yet they remain surprisingly undertheorized in the scholarly literature. The structural imbalance is difficult to overlook: domestic processors transform less than a tenth of total agricultural output, while processed commodities contribute only around 8% of national export earnings — a discrepancy that points to systemic institutional and infrastructural deficiencies rather than mere productive limitations. This chapter assembles a cross-disciplinary body of scholarship — drawing from SME growth theory, agrifood value-chain upgrading, dynamic capabilities, transaction-cost economics, financial constraint theory, food-safety governance, and sustainable transformation — to develop a theoretically grounded account of growth determinants in this sector. The developed framework operates as an analytical diagnostic and policy instrument and is deliberately placed upstream of formal econometric modelling. There is no single driver of growth in this area but the interconnected interplay of firm capabilities, coordination structures, infrastructure, regulatory incentives, and climate-adaptive sourcing. The five-tier upgrading typology gives the argument its punch, pin-pointing the main bottlenecks at each growth stage for the firm. The chapter ends with a simple point: meaningful industrialization will never come from scattered, one-off policy fixes — instead, governments and institutions will need to construct a connected, well-functioning support system that addresses structural barriers together — not one at a time.