Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady
School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool

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Ammotere Abbaji as a Local Wisdom-Based Restorative Justice Mechanism in Resolving Silariang Customary Crimes Azwad Rachmat Hambali; Zainuddin Zainuddin; Salle Salle; Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady
Khazanah Hukum Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Khazanah Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v8i2.52442

Abstract

Silariang marriage, in Bugis-Makassar customs, is considered a form of marriage that violates customary norms because it is conducted without the family's consent, especially from the woman's side. As a conflict resolution mechanism born from the local wisdom of the Bugis-Makassar community, Ammotere Abbaji serves as a tradition of apology performed by the Silariang couple to the woman's family to restore the fractured social relationship. This mechanism prioritises the restoration of Siri's honor, payment of customary fines, acknowledgement of marital status, and reintegration of the offender into the social order, emphasising reconciliation over retribution. The process is carried out through customary deliberations involving traditional leaders and the families of both parties, thereby reflecting the substantive principles of restorative justice. In the context of Indonesian positive law, Ammotere Abbaji is gaining increasingly open recognition, in line with the spirit of various regulations that accommodate the values of living law. However, this recognition demands more concrete systemic reforms, namely the establishment of special regulations that integrate customary mechanisms into the formal judicial process, the expansion of law enforcement officers' discretionary powers to transfer cases to communal forums, and the formation of certified customary mediation institutions with measurable rights protection standards. The novelty of this research lies in the first effort to scientifically construct Ammotere Abbaji as a model of restorative justice based on local wisdom, which possesses cultural legitimacy, structured procedures, and relevance in the reform of Indonesian criminal law (ius constituendum), thereby making an original contribution to the development of customary law and the criminal justice system in Indonesia.
WHY ILLICIT ENRICHMENT REMAINS UNTOUCHABLE? Penal Culture and the Criminalization of Economic Crime in Comparative Perspective Ridwan Arifin; Sonia Yamileth Castro Yama; Mashaallah Othman Mohamed Al-Zwae; Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady; Valerio Sebastian
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 17, No 1 (2026): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v17i1.37480

Abstract

This article examines why illicit enrichment remains normatively pivotal yet legally and practically elusive within the contemporary anti-corruption regime. Despite the conceptual simplicity of penalizing unexplained wealth, this offense consistently encounters formidable constitutional objections, legality principles, and rigorous evidentiary thresholds. This study interrogates why illicit enrichment remains doctrinally recalcitrant despite being vigorously promoted by the UNCAC and global financial integrity agendas. It argues that the primary impediment lies not merely within formal legal doctrines, but rather within penal culture, how a constitutional system conceptualizes the moral legitimacy of inferring criminality from wealth and tolerates the shifting of evidentiary burdens. Utilizing a comparative doctrinal, historical, and institutional analysis of Indonesia, Spain, Colombia, and the United Kingdom, this research demonstrates that formal codification does not ensure enforcement efficacy. Illicit enrichment operates effectively only where the penal culture accommodates epistemic asymmetry (Colombia). Conversely, it is constrained by legal formalism (Spain), rejected by legality absolutism requiring a criminal predicate (UK), or perpetually suspended between systemic necessity and legality anxiety (Indonesia). This divergence proves that procedural safeguards and doctrinal caution frequently constrain international norms. Globally, this study contributes a novel theoretical model of penal culture that deconstructs the universalism of international anti-corruption norms, demonstrating that the success of legal transplantation depends entirely upon its compatibility with domestic penal cultures.Artikel ini mengkaji mengapa illicit enrichment (peningkatan kekayaan secara tidak sah) tetap memiliki posisi normatif yang sangat penting namun secara hukum dan praktik tetap sulit diterapkan dalam rezim antikorupsi kontemporer. Meskipun secara konseptual pelanggaran ini sederhana, yaitu mempidanakan kekayaan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan, delik ini secara konsisten menghadapi keberatan konstitusional yang kuat, prinsip legalitas, serta standar pembuktian yang ketat. Studi ini menelaah mengapa illicit enrichment tetap bersifat sulit diadopsi secara doktrinal meskipun secara aktif didorong oleh UNCAC dan agenda integritas keuangan global. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa hambatan utama tidak semata-mata terletak pada doktrin hukum formal, melainkan pada budaya pemidanaan (penal culture), bagaimana suatu sistem konstitusional memaknai legitimasi moral dalam menarik kesimpulan kriminalitas dari kekayaan, serta sejauh mana sistem tersebut menerima pergeseran beban pembuktian. Dengan menggunakan analisis doktrinal komparatif, historis, dan institusional di Indonesia, Spanyol, Kolombia, dan Inggris, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kodifikasi formal tidak otomatis menjamin efektivitas penegakan hukum. Illicit enrichment hanya berfungsi secara efektif dalam konteks budaya pemidanaan yang menerima asimetri epistemik (Kolombia). Sebaliknya, penerapannya dibatasi oleh formalisme hukum yang ketat (Spanyol), ditolak oleh absolutisme asas legalitas yang mensyaratkan adanya tindak pidana dasar (criminal predicate) (Inggris), atau terus berada dalam posisi ambivalen antara kebutuhan sistemik dan kecemasan terhadap legalitas (Indonesia). Perbedaan ini membuktikan bahwa perlindungan prosedural dan kehati-hatian doktrinal sering kali membatasi efektivitas norma internasional. Secara global, studi ini memberikan kontribusi berupa model teoretis baru tentang penal culture yang mendekonstruksi klaim universalisme norma antikorupsi internasional, dengan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan transplantasi hukum sepenuhnya bergantung pada kesesuaiannya dengan budaya pemidanaan domestik.