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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika (JIE) International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences
Marthin Thomas Mumbunan
Akademi Bisnis dan Keuangan Primaniyarta
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Apakah APEC Memfasilitasi Perdagangan Bilateral? Bukti dari Estimasi Model Gravitasi Marthin Thomas Mumbunan; Marianus Antonius Muga; Yoan Purnamasari Makapuase Bahalau
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 5 No 6 (2026): IJHESS JUNE 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v5i6.2439

Abstract

Trade agreements and regional forums such as the Asia‑Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are key instruments in promoting trade liberalization, though their effectiveness in enhancing bilateral trade flows remains contested. Unlike FTAs, which are legally binding and involve tariff and non‑tariff reductions, APEC is a non‑binding forum that facilitates trade through policy harmonization, cost reduction, and improved connectivity. This study evaluates the impact of APEC and FTAs on bilateral trade using the gravity model with Poisson Pseudo‑Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation, complemented by Pooled OLS for comparison. The results show that APEC membership has a broader and more consistent positive effect on bilateral trade than FTAs, despite the latter’s binding nature. Geographic distance remains a significant barrier, while exchange‑rate fluctuations are largely insignificant. The findings highlight that APEC’s effectiveness is shaped not only by institutional design but also by structural and domestic factors, underscoring the need for adaptive trade policies tailored to country‑specific contexts
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA (TPT) WILAYAH PERKOTAAN PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA Yoan Purnamasari Makapuase Bahalau; Zerah Elisa Derek; Marthin Thomas Mumbunan
JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): EDUNOMIKA
Publisher : ITB AAS Indonesia Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jie.v10i1.19405

Abstract

The Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) in urban areas is an important indicator for assessing labor market dynamics and regional economic resilience, particularly in the post–COVID-19 period. This study aims to analyze the level and trends of the Open Unemployment Rate, compare unemployment differences across cities, and examine the factors influencing variations in urban unemployment in North Sulawesi Province. The study employs a quantitative descriptive–comparative approach using official secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) for the 2020–2024 period, covering the cities of Manado, Bitung, Tomohon, and Kotamobagu. The analytical methods include trend analysis and interregional comparison. The results indicate that unemployment rates in all cities have generally declined alongside economic recovery, although Manado consistently records the highest unemployment rate. Variations in unemployment across cities are influenced by differences in economic structure, dependence on dominant sectors, and labor force characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of locally tailored labor market policies through workforce skill enhancement, economic diversification, and the development of urban priority sectors. Keywords : Open Unemployment Rate; Urban Labor Market; Comparative Analysis; Economic Structure; North Sulawesi
ANALISIS PREFERENSI PLATFROM E-COMMERCE DAN PERILAKU BELANJA KONSUMEN DIGITAL LINTAS GENERASI DI PASAR INDONESIA Zerah Elisa Derek; Yoan Purnamsari Makapuase Bahalau; Marthin Thomas Mumbunan
JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): EDUNOMIKA
Publisher : ITB AAS Indonesia Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jie.v10i1.19406

Abstract

This study examines the impact of generational characteristics on e-commerce platform preferences and purchasing decisions in Indonesia. By analyzing Gen Z, Millennials, and Baby Boomers, the research highlights a significant shift in digital behavior. Gen Z predominantly favors visual-based platforms like TikTok Shop, driven by social trends and "shoppertainment," whereas Baby Boomers rely on conventional marketplaces like Tokopedia for structured navigation. Despite these differences, Shopee maintains cross-generational dominance through functional excellence, specifically via integrated payment methods like COD, aggressive discounting, and free shipping incentives. The findings reveal that while Gen Z’s final purchase decisions are motivated by social validation, older generations prioritize security and trust. This study concludes that a platform’s success depends on its ability to balance innovative visual engagement with robust functional reliability. These insights provide a strategic framework for e-commerce entities to tailor their services to the diverse psychological and functional needs of Indonesia's multi-generational digital market. Keyword : E-commerce, Generational Cohorts, Consumer Behavior, Platform Preference, Digital Transactions, Loyalty Factors, Shopee, Indonesia.
Co-Authors Marianus Antonius Muga Yoan Purnamasari Makapuase Bahalau Yoan Purnamasari Makapuase Bahalau Yoan Purnamsari Makapuase Bahalau Zerah Elisa Derek