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All Journal JPT : JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN (JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION)
Hidrayani Hidrayani
Universitas Andalas, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

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Host Susceptibility Patterns of Local Chili Varieties to Bactrocera spp. in West Sumatra: Diversity, Infestation, and Cluster Analysis Nguyễn Phước Sang; Novri Nelly; Reflinaldon Reflinaldon; Hidrayani Hidrayani
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.27 - 41.2026

Abstract

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of chili (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) in tropical agroecosystems, but information on species dominance, infestation levels, and field susceptibility patterns of local chili varieties in West Sumatra remains limited. This study investigated Bactrocera spp. diversity, infestation levels, and varietal susceptibility patterns across four major chili-producing regencies in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Field surveys were conducted from July 2024 to March 2025 at 33 chili-growing sites in Agam, Solok, Tanah Datar, and Padang Pariaman. Fruit flies were monitored using methyl eugenol-baited modified Lynfield traps, while plant and fruit infestation were assessed through field observation and fruit dissection. Species diversity was evaluated using Shannon–Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou evenness indices. Differences in infestation among varieties were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test, while exploratory PCA and clustering were used to visualize infestation patterns. This study identified three fruit fly species associated with chili agroecosystems in West Sumatra, namely Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, and B. umbrosa. Among them, Bactrocera dorsalis overwhelmingly dominated the assemblages, resulting in low species diversity and evenness across regencies. Infestation levels differed among varieties, with Kuhay consistently showing the lowest plant, fruit, and overall infestation intensity. Aka, Keriting Bukittinggi, Rawit, and Kopay showed relatively higher infestation levels, although Kopay should be interpreted cautiously due to limited sample representation. These findings indicate differential field susceptibility among local chili varieties and suggest that low-infestation varieties such as Kuhay warrant further evaluation for integrated pest management and resistance-oriented breeding programs.
Interactive effects of Rhizobacteria for Managing Spodoptera exigua on Shallot Plants (Allium cepa Linnaeus) under Field Conditions Hidrayani Hidrayani; Nurbailis Nurbailis; Fitri Yeni; Zahlul Ikhsan
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.8.1.12-20.2024

Abstract

Spodoptera exigua is the primary pest attacking shallot plants from the vegetative to the generative phase. Yield loss caused by S. exigua attack can reach 57%. Rhizobacteria have been known to be used as biocontrol agents for controlling insect pests. The research objectives were to determine and compare the effectiveness of Yuyaos and BPTPH rhizobacteria formula (Bacillus sp.) in suppressing the attack of S. exigua on shallot-growing areas. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) of 3 treatments and five replications. The treatment consisted of shallot seedlings treated with two types of rhizobacteria (Yuyaos and BPTPH) and water (without rhizobacteria) as control before planting. Beneficial effects of the rhizobacteria on shallot plants were observed in the following variables, including the development of the S. exigua population, damage level of S. exigua, and shallot growth. The results showed that introducing Yuyaos rhizobacteria (RZ2.1AG1, Bacillus thuringiensis), which originated from the rhizosphere of the chili plant, was the best way to protect shallot plants from S.exigua. Effectively reduced the population of S.exigua (78.90%), leaf damage (62.12%), and damage intensity (38.88%). On the other hand, Yuyaos was also influential in increasing tuber growth (11.11%), plant height (43.29%), number of leaves (58.33%), and number of tillers (22.22%).
Biological Control of Aphis gossypii on Red Chili Pepper using Locally Isolated Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Dang Khoa Bui; Hidrayani Hidrayani; Nurbailis Nurbailis
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.9.2.95-107.2025

Abstract

Red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a high-value horticultural crop in Indonesia, but its production is severely constrained by Aphis gossypii, which can cause yield losses of up to 65%. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics, virulence, and lethal-sublethal effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against A. gossypii. Fungal viability and growth were assessed through spore germination and radial growth assays, while pathogenicity was evaluated using four conidial concentrations (10⁴–10¹⁰ conidia mL⁻¹). Aphid mortality, lethal concentration (LC), lethal time (LT), and reproductive performance were recorded, and the data were analyzed using factorial and probit analyses. The results showed that both fungi exhibited high spore viability (>96%) and stable mycelial growth rates (3.71–3.74 mm day⁻¹). Aphid mortality increased significantly with increasing conidial concentration, reaching 100% at 10¹⁰ conidia mL⁻¹, whereas mortality at 10⁴ conidia mL⁻¹ ranged from 26.67% to 40.00%. Probit analysis revealed comparable virulence, with LC₉₅ values of 8.09 for M. anisopliae and 8.29 for B. bassiana. Lethal time analysis showed a concentration-dependent killing pattern, with B. bassiana acting more rapidly at lower concentrations (10⁴–10⁶ conidia mL⁻¹) and M. anisopliae exhibiting shorter LT₅₀ values at higher concentrations (10⁸–10¹⁰ conidia mL⁻¹). In addition to lethal effects, both fungi significantly suppressed aphid reproduction, particularly at higher conidial concentrations. These findings demonstrate that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae possess strong and complementary bioefficacy against A. gossypii, supporting their potential application in integrated pest management programs.
Co-Authors . Reflinaldon Dang Khoa Bui Fitri Yeni Nguyễn Phước Sang NOVRI NELLY Nurbailis Zahlul Ikhsan