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Neny Sandrawati
Department of Cosmetic Technology, Vocational School, Universitas Negeri Padang
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics

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Formulation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bar Herbal Soap with Cinnamon Bark Powder Neny Sandrawati; Fivit Andriani; Yuni Mala Sari; Della Rosalynna Stiadi; Anggela Marta Tasman
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i3.11963

Abstract

Soap is an essential personal care product that not only cleanses the skin but can also provide additional health benefits, such as antibacterial protection. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) contains bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and cinnamaldehyde, which have demonstrated antibacterial activity. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a solid herbal soap containing cinnamon bark powder at different concentrations, and to assess its physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The methods used include soap production via saponification of oil and an alkali base, followed by the addition of cinnamon bark powder as the active ingredient. The evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and foam stability tests to assess the formulation's physical and chemical quality. The antibacterial activity of the cinnamon herbal soap was tested against Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method with three replicates. The results showed that the herbal solid soap was stable and homogeneous, meeting the physical and chemical requirements for soap. The antibacterial test showed the formation of inhibition zones with diameters of 9.33 ± 0.58 mm, 10.08 ± 1.13 mm, and 11.67 ± 1.44 mm at test concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% w/v, respectively. These findings indicate that the cinnamon bark- based herbal soap has potential as a natural antibacterial cleansing product. Further optimization is required to enhance product quality, long-term stability, and safety.
Analysis of Metabolite Profile of Gambier Flower (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.) in Various Solvent Fractions Using LC-MS Arif Ferdian; Amri Bakhtiar; Suci Salwa Fitri Mustafa; Neny Sandrawati
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.11982

Abstract

The gambier plant is known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the gambier plant are reported to contain flavonoids, including catechins, and tannins. This study aims to analyze the metabolite profile of gambier flowers using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Gambier flower samples were extracted by maceration using ethanol as the solvent. The resulting macerate was then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The gambier flower extracts were tested for phytochemical content via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and analyzed for secondary metabolite content via LC-MS for each fraction. TLC testing of the total extract yielded positive results for flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, and alkaloids. Analysis of the secondary metabolite profile of the total extract identified 6 compounds from the 14 compound chromatograms that appeared; the n-hexane extract showed 6 compounds successfully identified from a total of 20 compounds, the ethyl acetate extract showed 6 identified compounds from 17 compounds, and the n-butanol extract contained 7 known compounds from 35 compounds. From the metabolite profile analysis, it can be concluded that gambier flowers contain numerous bioactive compounds with potential for further development and can serve as a source of new knowledge in exploring plant potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LC-MS-based metabolite profile of gambier flowers, an organ that has remained largely unexplored compared with the widely studied leaves; the flowers display a greater diversity of flavonoid glycosides and phenolic derivatives, highlighting their novelty and their promise as antioxidant-rich raw materials for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Co-Authors Amri Bakhtiar Anggela Marta Tasman arif ferdian Della Rosalynna Stiadi Fivit Andriani Suci Salwa Fitri Mustafa Yuni Mala Sari