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All Journal International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Nik Muhammad Hanis Nek Rakami
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Humanities Education Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Instrument development of attitudes towards egalitarian education scale Nik Muhammad Hanis Nek Rakami; Mohd Muslim Md Zalli; Nik Ahmad Hisham Ismail; Noor Lide Abu Kassim; Jin Yulu
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 3: August 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i3.23176

Abstract

This paper discusses the instrumentation process that was developed to measure teachers’ attitudes towards egalitarian education in the context of a multiracial society. The researchers have developed a new, culturally relevant survey to assess a previously unexplored construct (teachers’ attitudes towards egalitarian education). Researchers have employed an eight-step process: i) operationalizing the meaning of attitudes towards egalitarian education; ii) identifying a theoretical framework on attitudes towards egalitarian education; iii) exploring dimensions of attitudes from focus group discussion; iv) drafting preliminary items on egalitarian education based on focus group findings; v) validating the content of the attitudes towards egalitarian education items via expert judgment; vi) conducting a pilot test of the attitudes towards egalitarian education scale; vii) finalizing the attitudes towards egalitarian education scale; and viii) translating the attitudes towards egalitarian education scale. This is the first validated instrument specifically developed for Malay teachers, addressing a critical gap in egalitarian educational research. The careful development process ensures that the questionnaire accurately measures the issues raised in the study. This study provides clear information on how the egalitarian education attitudes scale is implemented and establishes a foundation for future cross-cultural adaptations in similar educational settings.
Enhancing Chinese character achievement in primary education through multimedia-assisted deep learning module Yulu Jin; Nik Muhammad Hanis Nek Rakami; Md. Nasir Masran
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v15i1.36753

Abstract

Chinese character literacy is essential for developing literacy competence in primary education; however, traditional instructional methods often rely on rote memorization, limiting student engagement, and deep learning. This study examined the effectiveness of a multimedia-assisted deep learning (MADL) module, designed based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) and cognitive semantic theory, in enhancing primary students’ academic achievement in Chinese character learning. A quasi-experimental design was adopted with 222 second-grade students from three schools, with an experimental group (MADL, n=110) and a control group receiving traditional instruction (n=112). Academic achievement was assessed using pre-test and post-test, measuring overall scores, reading, writing, and understanding. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed that the MADL group significantly outperformed the control group in overall post-test scores (p<.05) as well as in reading, writing, and understanding subtests. Within-group analyses further showed greater improvements in the MADL group. These findings indicate that the MADL module is an effective and pedagogically grounded tool for enhancing Chinese character learning in primary education. The study contributes empirical evidence supporting the integration of MADL strategies into early literacy instruction.
Co-Authors Jin Yulu Md. Nasir Masran Mohd Muslim Md Zalli Nik Ahmad Hisham Ismail Noor Lide Abu Kassim Yulu Jin