<![CDATA[This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the philosophical and ethical dimensions of insurance practices, which have often been viewed solely as economic and financial instruments. However, beyond its economic function, insurance embodies moral values related to risk protection, social responsibility, justice, and solidarity among humans. In the context of the development of modern society faced with various economic, social, and environmental uncertainties, the study of the philosophical foundations of insurance becomes increasingly important to ensure that risk protection systems are not only financially effective but also aligned with ethical and humanitarian principles. This research aims to analyze the concept of insurance from a philosophical and ethical perspective and explore the relevance of moral values in the development of a just risk protection system. The research uses qualitative methods with a library research approach. Data were obtained through a documentary study of various primary and secondary sources including philosophy books, ethics literature, risk theory, insurance regulations, scientific journals, and studies on conventional and sharia insurance. The results of the study indicate that conventional insurance is built on the principle of risk transfer and management based on social solidarity, but in practice it still faces a number of ethical issues such as moral hazard, adverse selection, and information asymmetry that have the potential to reduce the value of justice and public trust. On the other hand, sharia insurance (takaful) offers an alternative paradigm based on the principles of ta'awun (mutual assistance), tabarru', and maslahah, which emphasize aspects of togetherness, distributive justice, transparency, and collective responsibility in facing risks. This study found that both models have their respective advantages and limitations, so an integrative approach is needed that is able to combine the technical effectiveness of modern insurance with strong ethical values. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya memahami dimensi filosofis dan etis dari praktik asuransi yang selama ini sering dipandang hanya sebagai instrumen ekonomi dan keuangan. Padahal, di balik fungsi ekonominya, asuransi mengandung nilai-nilai moral yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan terhadap risiko, tanggung jawab sosial, keadilan, serta solidaritas antarmanusia. Dalam konteks perkembangan masyarakat modern yang dihadapkan pada berbagai ketidakpastian ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan, kajian mengenai landasan filosofis asuransi menjadi semakin penting untuk memastikan bahwa sistem perlindungan risiko tidak hanya efektif secara finansial, tetapi juga selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip etika dan kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep asuransi dari perspektif filsafat dan etika serta mengeksplorasi relevansi nilai-nilai moral dalam pengembangan sistem perlindungan risiko yang berkeadilan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi terhadap berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder yang meliputi buku-buku filsafat, literatur etika, teori risiko, regulasi asuransi, jurnal ilmiah, serta kajian mengenai asuransi konvensional dan asuransi syariah.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asuransi konvensional dibangun atas prinsip transfer dan pengelolaan risiko yang berlandaskan solidaritas sosial, namun dalam praktiknya masih menghadapi sejumlah persoalan etis seperti moral hazard, adverse selection, dan asimetri informasi yang berpotensi mengurangi nilai keadilan dan kepercayaan publik. Di sisi lain, asuransi syariah (takaful) menawarkan paradigma alternatif yang berlandaskan prinsip ta’awun (tolong-menolong), tabarru’, dan maslahah, yang menekankan aspek kebersamaan, keadilan distributif, transparansi, serta tanggung jawab kolektif dalam menghadapi risiko. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa kedua model memiliki kelebihan dan keterbatasan masing-masing, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan integratif yang mampu menggabungkan efektivitas teknis asuransi modern dengan nilai-nilai etika yang kuat.]]>
