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All Journal Journal Customary Law Sultan Adam : Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial
Yovid
Universitas Borobudur
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Accountability for the Utilization of Autonomous Cyber Defense Systems in Cybersecurity Governance Yovid; Marhaeni Ria Siombo
Journal Customary Law Vol. 3 No. 3.1 (2026): ICLSSEE Special Collection
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jcl.v3i3.1.5871

Abstract

The increasingly complex development of cyber threats has driven the use of artificial intelligence-based cyber defense technology capable of autonomous operation, known as Autonomous Cyber Defense Systems (ACDS). These systems offer high efficiency and speed of response, but also raise new legal issues related to accountability for actions resulting from algorithmic decisions. This study aims to analyze the nature of legal accountability problems in the use of ACDS and examine the limitations of the legal framework that is oriented towards human subjects. The study focuses on the unclear legal subjects responsible, the difficulty of tracing system decisions, and the potential for human rights violations resulting from automated cyber defense actions. The research method employs normative legal research through legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis was conducted on national regulations related to cybersecurity, electronic systems, and personal data protection, as well as international principles and soft law relevant to the governance of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. The results reveal that conventional legal approaches are inadequate to address accountability challenges in autonomous cyber defense systems due to the limitations of traditional responsibility doctrines. This study proposes the reconstruction of an adaptive and layered legal accountability model by strengthening the principles of human oversight, algorithmic transparency, and the division of responsibility between actors. This model is expected to serve as a normative basis for developing effective, equitable, and human rights-compliant cybersecurity governance in the digital age.
Legal Reform to Address the Regulatory Gap on Deepfakes as a Digital Manipulation Tool that Threatens Civil Rights Based on a Legal Philosophy Perspective Yovid; I Made Juni Artawan; Zainal Arifin Hoesein
SULTAN ADAM: Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Juli-Desember 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Tanggui Baimbaian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71456/sultan.v4i2.2210

Abstract

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have given rise to deepfake technology, which is capable of realistically manipulating images, videos, and audio, thereby posing a potential threat to the civil rights of the public. The misuse of deepfakes can result in violations of the rights to privacy, personal identity, good name, reputation, and economic rights regarding one’s own image. The primary issue faced is the absence of specific regulations regarding deepfakes within the Indonesian legal system, resulting in a legal vacuum (rechtvacuum) and legal uncertainty (rechtsonzekerheid). This study aims to analyze the legal issues surrounding the use of deepfakes, examine the regulatory gaps in the Indonesian legal system, and formulate legal reforms based on a legal philosophy perspective. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the provisions in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, the Copyright Law, and the Civil Code have not been able to provide comprehensive protection against the misuse of deepfakes. Legal reform is necessary through the establishment of specific regulations governing definitions, legal liability, takedown mechanisms, and the restoration of victims’ rights to achieve justice, legal certainty, and public interest.
Co-Authors I Made Juni Artawan Marhaeni Ria Siombo Zainal Arifin Hoesein