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All Journal Journal Of Medicine And Health Sciences (Medisci) Journal Of Economic Sciences (Ekuisci)
Andri Hermawan
University of Muhammadiyah Cirebon, West Java
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Relationship Between Free Nutritious Food Intake (MBG) And Nutritional Status And Hemoglobin Levels In Elementary School Children In Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Based On SSGI Data 2024 Wiwit Estuti; Andri Hermawan; Retno Widyani
Jurnal Medisci Vol 3 No 5 (2026): Vol 3 No 5 April 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/medisci.v3i5.1208

Abstract

Background: Indonesia recorded a stunting prevalence of 19.8% (SSGI 2024), down from 21.5% in 2023, but still far from the 2029 RPJMN target of 14.2%. At the same time, the prevalence of anemia in school-age children (5–14 years old) was recorded at 20.6% (Riskesdas, 2018), and in adolescents aged 15–24 years, at 15.5% (SKI, 2023). The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program, launched by the government in January 2025, targets 82.9 million beneficiaries, including elementary and high school students, but its impact on nutritional status and hemoglobin levels has not been systematically measured empirically. Objective: To analyze the relationship between exposure to school feeding programs to nutritional status (z-score TB/U, BB/U, BB/TB) and hemoglobin levels of elementary school children aged 6–12 years in Indonesia, as well as identify determinants of nutrition that can be strengthened through the design of the MBG program. Methods: Quantitative research with a cross-sectional design used SSGI 2024 secondary data (n = 298,903 toddlers) combined with school-age children's supplement data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The analysis used multivariate logistic regression to identify determinants of stunting and anemia, with stratification by urban-rural area, household expenditure group, and access to government nutrition programs. Results: Children from households with access to institutional nutrition programs had a significantly lower stunting OR of 0.72 (95%CI: 0.68–0.76) and an anemic OR of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.63–0.74) compared to the group without access. Food diversity (dietary diversity score ≥5) was associated with protection against stunting (AOR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.56–0.67). The six provinces with the largest stunting burden accounted for 50% of the total national cases: West Java (638,000 children under five), Central Java (485,893), East Java (430,780), North Sumatra (316,456), NTT (214,143), and Banten (209,600). Conclusion: School-based feeding programs have significant potential to reduce the burden of stunting and anemia in school-age children, especially if they include adequate food diversity. The MBG design, which ensures that one serving meets at least 1/3 of the daily Nutritional Adequacy Rate (AKG) with iron content ≥5 mg and animal protein, can be a catalyst for accelerating stunting reduction towards the RPJMN target of 14.2% by 2029.
Indonesia's Downstream Strategy As An Economic Geopolitics Andri Hermawan; Imas Trimayanti
Jurnal Ekuisci Vol 3 No 5 (2026): Vol 3 No 5 May 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/ekuisci.v3i5.1203

Abstract

Background. Indonesia entered the 2020s with an ambitious economic geopolitical strategy unprecedented in scale: an industrial downstream processing (downstream) program based on raw material export bans that mandates domestic processing investment. This policy, aggressively pursued since the Joko Widodo administration through the 2020 nickel export ban and extended to bauxite, copper, and other commodities, represents a paradigm shift from Indonesia as a raw material exporter to an exporter of high-value-added products. Aims. This study comprehensively analyzes the downstream processing program's impact on: (1) global supply chain reconfiguration—particularly electric vehicle battery, steel, and aluminum supply chains; (2) Indonesia's economic growth and national industrial restructuring; (3) geopolitical dynamics and responses from trading partner nations; and (4) quantitative projections and economic growth scenarios for Indonesia over the next 10–20 years if the downstream processing program is sustained consistently. Methods. Using a mixed-methods approach integrating macroeconomic data analysis, Global Value Chain (GVC) simulation, and prospective scenario modeling, this study finds that consistent downstream processing has the potential to propel Indonesia's GDP from USD 1.33 trillion (2024) toward USD 3.2–4.8 trillion by 2035 and USD 5.5–8.2 trillion by 2045—positioning Indonesia among the world's 4th to 6th largest economies. Conclusion. However, realizing this potential requires coherent policy execution, massive infrastructure investment, strengthened human resource capabilities, and astute management of geopolitical risk.
Map of Indonesia's Human Resources Needs In Supporting the Transformation of the Downstream Industry Andri Hermawan; Lilis Suharti; Muangsal Muangsal
Jurnal Ekuisci Vol 3 No 5 (2026): Vol 3 No 5 May 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/ekuisci.v3i5.1204

Abstract

Background. Indonesia's downstream industrialization (downstreaming) program—transforming from a raw material exporter to a producer of high-value-added products—represents one of the most significant structural changes in Indonesia's modern economic history. The success of this transformation fundamentally depends on having human resources (HR) with the right competencies, in adequate quantities, and at the right times. However, Indonesia currently faces a substantial HR gap between the exponentially growing needs of the downstream industry and existing industrial HR production capacity. Aims. This study aims to quantitatively and systematically analyze Indonesia's HR needs to support the industrial downstream program over 2025–2045. Using an Occupational Demand Modeling (ODM) methodology combined with Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis and Labor Market Intelligence, this research identifies 12 critical competency areas most needed in Indonesia's downstream industrial ecosystem, quantitatively projects HR requirements per field, identifies gaps between current educational supply capacity and projected industry demand, and formulates structured HR development policy recommendations. Result. Key findings indicate that Indonesia requires at least an additional 4.8 million skilled workers in critical downstream fields during 2025–2035, with the largest deficits in metallurgy and materials engineering (680,000 deficit), chemical process engineering (540,000), electrical engineering and industrial automation (720,000), and supply chain management (390,000). In 2036–2045, cumulative needs increase to 12.6 million additional HR as downstream expansion enters new sectors. Conclusion. The study emphasizes that without systemic acceleration in industrial HR production—through higher education and vocational curriculum reform, massive reskilling programs, and industry-university partnerships—Indonesia's downstream transformation potential cannot be optimally realized.
Co-Authors Imas Trimayanti Lilis Suharti Muangsal Muangsal Retno Widyani Wiwit Estuti